Increased risk of dying from cancer

Ann Epidemiol. 2004 Mar;14(3):195-201. Related Articles, Links

Serum iron, copper and zinc concentrations and risk of
cancer mortality in US adults.

Wu T, Sempos CT, Freudenheim JL, Muti P, Smit E.

Department of Public Health/Family Medicine, East Tennessee
State University, Johnson City, TN (T.W.); and Department of
Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, State
University of New York, Buffalo, NY (C.T.S.,
J.L.F., P.M., E.S.) USA.

PURPOSE: To examine the prospective association of serum
iron, copper, and zinc with cancer mortality. METHODS: The
study sample included 3000 men and 3244 women free from
cancer at baseline who participated in the Second National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Vital status at follow-
up was identified by the Social Security Administration's
death file and the National Death Index. Iron, transferrin
saturation (TS), copper, and zinc were categorized into 4
levels using the 10(th), 50(th), and 90(th) percentiles for
cutoffs. Relative risks (RRs) were derived from the
proportional hazard models after adjustment for a number of
potential confounders. RESULTS: Three hundred seven cancer
deaths (ICD-9 140-195, 199-208) were identified during
83,664.4 person-years of follow-up. Cancer mortality per
1000 person-years was 3.7 (4.7 for men and 2.8 for women).
For men and women combined, the adjusted RRs (95% confidence
intervals, CI) for the four levels were 0.96 (0.57-1.61),
1.00 (reference), 1.12 (0.80-1.58), 1.86 (1.07-3.22) for
iron; 0.97 (0.56-1.70),
1.00 (reference), 1.36 (0.99-1.87), 1.82 (1.10-3.02) for TS;
0.76 (0.44-1.31),
2.00 (reference), 1.10 (0.77-1.58), 1.89 (1.07-3.32) for
copper; and 0.75 (.50-1.13), 1.00 (reference), 0.64 (0.47-
0.88), 0.84 (0.53-1.33) for zinc. When the exposures were
analyzed as continuous variables, the adjusted RRs (CI)
were 1.66 (1.03-2.68) for 100 microg/dl iron increase,
1.17 (1.01-1.36) for 10% TS increase, 1.98 (1.12-3.50) for
100 microg/dl copper increase, and 0.57

RRs for iron, TS, and copper were suggestive. CONCLUSION:
People with higher serum iron, TS, or copper concentrations
had an increased risk of dying from cancer.

PMID: 15036223 [PubMed - in process]

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