Alcoholic fatty liver / lecithin / phosphatidylcholine



<<snip>>
The endotoxin-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha release is
decreased by dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine, the active
phosphatidylcholine (PC) species of polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC).
<<snip>>

Alcohol. 2004 Aug;34(1):9-19. Related Articles, Links


Alcoholic fatty liver: its pathogenesis and mechanism of progression to
inflammation and fibrosis.

Lieber CS.

Bronx Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Mount
Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Liver disease in the alcoholic is due not only to malnutrition but also
to ethanol's hepatotoxicity linked to its metabolism by means of the
alcohol dehydrogenase and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) pathways and the
resulting production of toxic acetaldehyde. In addition, alcohol
dehydrogenase-mediated ethanol metabolism generates the reduced form of
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), which promotes steatosis by
stimulating the synthesis of fatty acids and opposing their oxidation.
Steatosis is also promoted by excess dietary lipids and can be
attenuated by their replacement with medium-chain triglycerides.
Through reduction of pyruvate, elevated NADH also increases lactate,
which stimulates collagen synthesis in myofibroblasts. Furthermore,
CYP2E1 activity is inducible by its substrates, not only ethanol but
also fatty acids. Their excess and metabolism by means of this pathway
generate release of free radicals, which cause oxidative stress, with
peroxidation of lipids and membrane damage, including altered enzyme
activities. Products of lipid peroxidation such as 4-hydroxynonenal
stimulate collagen generation and fibrosis, which are further increased
through diminished feedback inhibition of collagen synthesis because
acetaldehyde forms adducts with the carboxyl-terminal propeptide of
procollagen in hepatic stellate cells. Acetaldehyde is also toxic to
the mitochondria, and it aggravates their oxidative stress by binding
to reduced glutathione and promoting its leakage. Oxidative stress and
associated cellular injury promote inflammation, which is aggravated by
increased production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis
factor-alpha in the Kupffer cells. These are activated by induction of
their CYP2E1 as well as by endotoxin. The endotoxin-stimulated tumor
necrosis factor-alpha release is decreased by
dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine, the active phosphatidylcholine (PC)
species of polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC). Moreover, defense
mechanisms provided by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
and omega fatty acid oxidation are readily overwhelmed, particularly in
female rats and also in women who have low hepatic induction of fatty
acid-binding protein (L-FABPc). Accordingly, the intracellular
concentration of free fatty acids may become high enough to injure
membranes, thereby contributing to necrosis, inflammation, and
progression to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Eventually, hepatic
S-adenosylmethionine and PCs become depleted in the alcoholic, with
impairment of their multiple cellular functions, which can be restored
by PC replenishment. Thus, prevention and therapy opposing the
development of steatosis and its progression to more severe injury can
be achieved by a multifactorial approach: control of alcohol
consumption, avoidance of obesity and of excess dietary long-chain
fatty acids, or their replacement with medium-chain fatty acids, and
replenishment of S-adenosylmethionine and PCs by using PPC. Progress in
the understanding of the pathogenesis of alcoholic fatty liver and its
progression to inflammation and fibrosis has resulted in prospects for
their better prevention and treatment.

PMID: 15670660 [PubMed - in process]

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Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
Man Is A Herbivore!
http://pages.ivillage.com/ironjustice/manisaherbivore
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
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[email protected] wrote:

---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: [email protected]
Date: 17 Jan 2005 15:11:02 -0800
Subject: Re: Liver steatosis /serum iron / transferrin saturation /
ferritin

Now .. john .. when markd .. attacks me .. it is the 'frog' .. humping
... me ..eh ..

So what does that mean .. YOU .. do ..?

Eh .. pussssiiiieeee ..

Eh ..

Heh .. heh ..

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
Man Is A Herbivore!
http://pages.ivillage.com/ironjustice/manisaherbivore
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://pages.ivillage.com/ironjustice/deadpeoplewalking