The plastic zip ties won't hurt the carbon bike as long as they are not pulled too tight. If they are left too loose where they can move, they can scratch the paint. What you want to do is pull them tight enough to secure the sensor, but don't get over-energetic. It takes a lot of force to pull the ties so tight that they would damage the carbon frame, and I doubt that most people are strong enough to put that much force into tightining up zip ties. If you are worried about the ties damaging the paint, put a narrow strip of electricians tape (less than 1 gram if you are a weight weenie) around the tube where you are going to put the tie. The trick with zip ties is getting them off without scratching the paint.