Watch this video, keep in mind that cameras do work as good as the human eye and this video is on the dark side spectrum but it does get the point across:
View: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZRXlrJ3Mi0
There is no need to get expensive reflective material because they all work pretty much the same. One of the best places to put something reflective is on the ankles; there was a European study that showed that older people didn't notice static reflective stuff, but if the reflective stuff was moving up and down they noticed it; so simply go to your LBS and buy what they recommend.
Your LBS should have reflective stickers to put on your wheels but I'm not so sure a motorist would see that before they hit you, but I think they're inexpensive for a sheet of the stuff so why not. My touring bike I bought Schwalbe Marathon tires because I wanted a bullet proof tire and as a bonus the tires have a reflective strip going around the tire, I would have bought the tire regardless if they came with the strip or not.
As far as a safety vest goes, but something cheap, not the cheapest but no where near the most expensive, get a mesh style so on warm days the air will blow right through; see:
https://www.homedepot.com/p/ERB-S15Z-6X-Hi-Viz-Lime-Poly-Mesh-Safety-Vest-14632/301857797
For a bike front light you need at least 700 lumens and that should be the middle range, the reason for that is the high range will burn up the battery too fast, but you need the high range for dark rainy nights, but most of the time you'll only run the mid range and sometimes the lower range. Here are a couple of good comparsion sites so you can look for a light that is bright enough for your needs and money, keep in mind these are on high settings:
http://road.cc/content/buyers-guide/212914-best-20172018-front-lights-cycling-—-55-light-beam-comparison-plus-how
Here is another:
https://www.bikelightdatabase.com/beamshots/#left[mode]=30&left[light]=boomer&right[mode]=100&right[light]=bc30 I think the Fenix BC30 is great deal, but you need to make that decision based on your budget.
Tail light wise my nod goes to the Lezyne Zecto Drive Max, this thing puts out a whopping 250 lumens, and on Amazon it's only $49. There is no competitor out there that has a tail light this bright for that amount of money, the only one that I know of that puts out that much power cost $125!!
Now for a weird but fun question, why is headlight spelled that way instead of head light, yet tail light is spelled with a separation instead of taillight? I would think that since two L's in a row would be a bit perhaps confusing so I might understand that but since tail is the opposite of head then it should follow suit that the spelling should be head light!