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J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Oct 9;50(21):6182-7.
Antioxidant activity of grains.
Adom KK, Liu RH.
Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca,
New York 14853-7201, USA.
"Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of whole grains
and grain-based products is associated with reduced risk of chronic
diseases. The health benefits of whole grains are attributed in part to
their unique phytochemical composition. However, the phytochemical
contents in grains have been commonly underestimated in the literature,
because bound phytochemicals were not included. This study was designed
to investigate the complete phytochemical profiles in free, soluble
conjugated, and insoluble bound forms, as well as their antioxidant
activities in uncooked whole grains. Corn had the highest total
phenolic content (15.55 +/- 0.60 micromol of gallic acid equiv/g of
grain) of the grains tested, followed by wheat (7.99 +/- 0.39 micromol
of gallic acid equiv/g of grain), oats (6.53 +/- 0.19 micromol of
gallic acid equiv/g of grain), and rice (5.56 +/- 0.17 micromol of
gallic acid equiv/g of grain). The major portion of phenolics in grains
existed in the bound form (85% in corn, 75% in oats and wheat, and 62%
in rice), although free phenolics were frequently reported in the
literature. Ferulic acid was the major phenolic compound in grains
tested, with free, soluble-conjugated, and bound ferulic acids present
in the ratio 0.1:1:100. Corn had the highest total antioxidant activity
(181.42 +/- 0.86 micromol of vitamin C equiv/g of grain), followed by
wheat (76.70 +/- 1.38 micromol of vitamin C equiv/g of grain), oats
(74.67 +/- 1.49 micromol of vitamin C equiv/g of grain), and rice
(55.77 +/- 1.62 micromol of vitamin C equiv/g of grain). Bound
phytochemicals were the major contributors to the total antioxidant
activity: 90% in wheat, 87% in corn, 71% in rice, and 58% in oats.
Bound phytochemicals could survive stomach and intestinal digestion to
reach the colon. This may partly explain the mechanism of grain
consumption in the prevention of colon cancer, other digestive cancers,
breast cancer, and prostate cancer, which is supported by
epidemiological studies."
PMID: 12358499
http://naturalhealthperspective.com/food/whole-grains.html
--
John Gohde,
Achieving good Nutrition is an Art, NOT a Science!
The nutrition of eating a healthy diet is a biological factor of the
mind-body connection. Now, weighing in at 18 web pages, the
Nutrition of a Healthy Diet is with more documentation and
sharper terminology than ever before.
http://naturalhealthperspective.com/food/
Antioxidant activity of grains.
Adom KK, Liu RH.
Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca,
New York 14853-7201, USA.
"Epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of whole grains
and grain-based products is associated with reduced risk of chronic
diseases. The health benefits of whole grains are attributed in part to
their unique phytochemical composition. However, the phytochemical
contents in grains have been commonly underestimated in the literature,
because bound phytochemicals were not included. This study was designed
to investigate the complete phytochemical profiles in free, soluble
conjugated, and insoluble bound forms, as well as their antioxidant
activities in uncooked whole grains. Corn had the highest total
phenolic content (15.55 +/- 0.60 micromol of gallic acid equiv/g of
grain) of the grains tested, followed by wheat (7.99 +/- 0.39 micromol
of gallic acid equiv/g of grain), oats (6.53 +/- 0.19 micromol of
gallic acid equiv/g of grain), and rice (5.56 +/- 0.17 micromol of
gallic acid equiv/g of grain). The major portion of phenolics in grains
existed in the bound form (85% in corn, 75% in oats and wheat, and 62%
in rice), although free phenolics were frequently reported in the
literature. Ferulic acid was the major phenolic compound in grains
tested, with free, soluble-conjugated, and bound ferulic acids present
in the ratio 0.1:1:100. Corn had the highest total antioxidant activity
(181.42 +/- 0.86 micromol of vitamin C equiv/g of grain), followed by
wheat (76.70 +/- 1.38 micromol of vitamin C equiv/g of grain), oats
(74.67 +/- 1.49 micromol of vitamin C equiv/g of grain), and rice
(55.77 +/- 1.62 micromol of vitamin C equiv/g of grain). Bound
phytochemicals were the major contributors to the total antioxidant
activity: 90% in wheat, 87% in corn, 71% in rice, and 58% in oats.
Bound phytochemicals could survive stomach and intestinal digestion to
reach the colon. This may partly explain the mechanism of grain
consumption in the prevention of colon cancer, other digestive cancers,
breast cancer, and prostate cancer, which is supported by
epidemiological studies."
PMID: 12358499
http://naturalhealthperspective.com/food/whole-grains.html
--
John Gohde,
Achieving good Nutrition is an Art, NOT a Science!
The nutrition of eating a healthy diet is a biological factor of the
mind-body connection. Now, weighing in at 18 web pages, the
Nutrition of a Healthy Diet is with more documentation and
sharper terminology than ever before.
http://naturalhealthperspective.com/food/