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Rosedale | Nicholson | Sears Debate Ron Rosedale, M.D.
Insulin and It's Metabolic Effects Presented at Crayhon
Research Institute's BoulderFest August 1999 Seminar
Let's talk about a couple of case histories. These are
actual patients that I've seen; let's start with
patient A. This patient who we will just call patient A
saw me one afternoon and said that he had literally
just signed himself out of the hospital "AMA," or
against medical advice. Like in the movies, he had
ripped out his IV's. The next day he was scheduled to
have his second by-pass surgery. He had been told that
if he did not follow through with this by-pass surgery,
within two weeks he would be dead. He couldn't walk
from the car to the office without severe chest pain.
He was on 102 units of insulin and his blood sugars
were 300 plus. He was on eight different medications
for various things. But his first by-pass surgery was
such a miserable experience he said he would rather
just die than have to go through the second one and had
heard that I might be able to prevent that. To make a
long story short, this gentleman right now is on no
insulin. I first saw him three and a half years ago. He
plays golf four or five times a week. He is on no
medications whatsoever, he has no chest pain, and he
has not had any surgery. He started an organization
called "Heart Support of America" to educated people
that there are alternatives to by-pass surgery that
have nothing to do with surgery or medication. That
organization, he last told me had a mailing list of
over a million people, a large organization, "Heart
Support of America." Patient B is a patient who had a
triglyceride level of 2200. Patient B was referred by
patient A. He had a triglyceride of 2200, cholesterol
of 950 and was on maximum doses of all of his
medications. He was 42 years old, and he was told that
he had familial hyperlipidema and that he had better
get his affairs in order, that if that was what his
lipids were despite the best medications with the
highest doses, he was in trouble. He was not fat at
all, he was fairly thin. Whenever I see a patient on
any of those medications, they're off the very first
visit. They have no place in medicine. He was taken off
the medications and in six weeks his lipid levels, both
his Triglycerides and his cholesterol were hovering
around 220. Six more weeks they were both under 200,
off of the medications. They have no place in medicine.
I should mention that this patient had a CPK that was
quite elevated. It was circled on the lab report that
he brought in initially with a question mark by it
because they didn't know why. The reason why was
because he was eating off his muscles, because if you
take (gyinfibrozole) and any of the HMG co-enzyme
reductase inhibitors together, that is a common side
effect that is in the PDR, and they shouldn't be given
together. So he was chewing up his muscles, including
his heart which they were trying to treat. So if indeed
he was going to die, it was going to be that treatment
that was going to kill him. Let's go to something
totally different, a lady with severe osteoporosis. She
is almost three standard deviations below the norm in
both the hip femeral neck and the cervical vertebrae,
and she is very worried about getting a fracture. A
fairly young woman and she was put on a high
carbohydrate diet and told that would be of benefit,
and placed on estrogen, which is a fairly typical
treatment. They wanted to put her on some other
medicines and she didn't want to, she wanted to know if
there was an alternative. Although we didn't have as
dramatic a turn around, we got her to one standard
deviation below the norm in a year, taking her off the
estrogen she was on, anyway. Let's go to calaudication.
That is severe angina of the leg when you walk, same
thing as angina of the heart except of the leg. While
walking, after walking a certain distance, there is
pain. There was a gentleman who had extremely severe
calaudication, who happens to be my stepfather. It was
a typical case, he would walk about fifty yards and
then he would get severe, crampy pain in his legs. He
was quite well off and was going to see the best
doctors in Chicago, and they couldn't figure out what
was wrong with him initially. He went to a neurologist,
they thought it might be neurological pain or back
pain. He finally went to a vascular surgeon who said he
thought it was vascular disease, so they did an
artheriogram and sure enough, he had severe vascular
disease. They did Doppler studies on his anko-bracheal
ratio on one side and it was 0.6, normal is around 1.1.
0.4 and you are in trouble for gangrene, so it was
pretty bad, and they wanted to do the typical by-pass
surgery that they normally do on this. He was thinking
of going in for the surgery for one reason, they had a
trip planned to Europe in two weeks, and he wanted to
be able to walk since they normally do a lot of
walking. Ten years previously he'd had an angioplasty
for heart disease. At the time ten years ago, I told
him he had to change his diet and he didn't of course.
But this time he listened. I said that if he was not
going to have a by-pass, then do exactly what I tell
you to do and in two weeks you'll be walking just fine
because by modulating this one aspect of his disease, I
have never seen it not work, and it works very quickly
to open up the artery. We can talk about a patient with
a very high cancer risk. She had a mother and a sister
who both died of breast cancer and she didn't want to,
so she came in and I put her on the exact same
treatment as the other cases I just mentioned. They
were all treated virtually identically because they all
had the same thing wrong with them. What would be the
typical treatment of cardiovascular disease? First they
check the cholesterol. High cholesterol over 200, they
put you on cholesterol lowering drugs and what does it
do? It shuts off your CoQ10. What does CoQ10 do? It is
involved in the energy production and protection of
little energy furnaces in every cell, so energy
production goes way down. A common side effect of
people who are on all these HMG co-enzyme reductase
inhibitors is that they tell you their arms feel heavy.
Well, the heart is a muscle too, and it's going to feel
heavy too. One of the best treatments for a weak heart
is CoQ10 for congestive heart failure. But they have no
trouble shutting CoQ10 production off so that they can
treat a number. And the common therapies for
osteoporosis are drugs, and the common therapy for
calaudication is surgery. For cancer reduction there is
nothing. But all of these have a common cause. The same
cause as three major avenues of research in aging. One
is called caloric restriction. There are thousands of
studies done since the fifties on caloric restriction.
They restrict calories of laboratory animals. They have
known since the fifties that if you restrict calories
but maintain a high level of nutrition, called
"C.R.O.N.'s:" Caloric restriction with optimal
nutrition, or adequate nutrition, which would be
CRAN"S, these animals can live anywhere between thirty
and two-hundred percent longer depending on the
species. They've done it on several dozen species and
the results are uniform throughout. They are doing it
on primates now and it is working with primates, we
won't know for sure for about another ten years, they
are about half way through the experiment, our nearest
relatives are also living much longer. Then there are
Centenarian studies. There are three major centenarian
studies going on around the world. They are trying to
find the variable that would confer longevity among
these people. Why do centenarians become centenarians?
Why are they so lucky? Is it because they have low
cholesterol, exercise a lot, live a healthy, clean
life? Well the longest recorded known person who has
ever lived, Jean Calumet of France who died last year
at 122 years, smoked all of her life and drank. What
they are finding on these major centenarian studies is
that there is hardly anything in common among them.
They have high cholesterol and low cholesterol, some
exercise and some don't, some smoke, some don't. Some
are nasty as can be and some nice and calm and nice.
Some are ornery, but they all low sugar, relatively for
their age. They all have low triglycerides for their
age. And they all have relatively low insulin. Insulin
is the common denominator in everything I've just
talked about. They way to treat cardiovascular disease
and the way I treated my stepfather, the way I treated
the high risk cancer patient, and osteoporosis, high
blood pressure, the way to treat virtually all the so-
called chronic diseases of aging is to treat insulin
itself. The other major avenue of research in aging has
to do with genetic studies of so-called lower
organisms. We know the genetics involved. We've got the
entire genes mapped out of several species now, of
yeast and worms. We think of life span as being fixed,
sort of. Humans kind of have an average life span of
seventy-six, and the maximum life-span was this French
lady at one-hundred and twenty-two. In humans we feel
it is relatively fixed, but in lower forms of life it
is very plastic. Life span is strictly a variable
depending on the environment. They can live two weeks,
two years, or sometimes twenty years depending on what
they want themselves to do, which depends very much on
the environment. If there is a lot of food around they
are going to reproduce quickly and die quickly, if not
they will just bide their time until conditions are
better. We know now that the variability in life span
is regulated by insulin. One thinks of insulin as
strictly to lower blood sugar. Today in the clinic
there was a patient listing off her drugs, she listed
about eight drugs she was on and didn't even mention
insulin. Insulin is not treated as a drug. In fact, in
some places you don't even need a prescription, you can
just get it over the counter, it's treated like candy.
Insulin is found as in even single celled organisms. It
has been around for several billion years. And its
purpose in some organisms is to regulate life span. The
way genetics works is that genes are not replaced, they
are built upon. We have the same genes as everything
that came before us. We just have more of them. We have
added books to our genetic library, but our base is the
same. What we are finding is that we can use insulin to
regulate lifespan too. If there is a single marker for
lifespan, as they are finding in the centenarian
studies, it is insulin, specifically, insulin
sensitivity. How sensitive are your cells to insulin.
When they are not sensitive, the insulin levels go up.
Who has heard of the term insulin resistance? Insulin
resistance is the basis of all of the chronic diseases
of aging, because the disease itself is actually aging.
We know now that aging is a disease. The other case
studies that I mentioned, cardiovascular disease,
osteoporosis, obesity, diabetes, cancer, all the so-
called chronic diseases of aging, auto-immune diseases,
those are symptoms. If you have a cold and you go to
the doctor, you have a runny nose, I did Ear, Nose and
Throat for ten years, I know what the common treatment
for that is, they give you a decongestant. I can't tell
you how many patients I saw who had been given Sudafed
by their family doctors for a cold and they came to see
me after because of a really bad sinus infection. What
happens when you treat the symptom of a runny nose from
a cold and you take a decongestant? It certainly
decongests you by shutting off the mucus. Why do you
have the mucus, because you are trying to clean and
wash out the membranes, and what else? What else is in
mucus? Secretory IgA, a very strong antibody to kill
the virus is in the mucus. If there is no mucus, there
is no secretory IgA. Decongestants also constrict blood
vessels, the little capillaries, or arterioles that go
to those capillaries, the cilia, the little hair-like
projections that beat to push mucus along to create a
stream, they get paralyzed because they don't have
blood flow so there is no more ciliary movement. What
happens if you dam a stream and create a pond? In days
you've got larvae growing. If the stream is moving, you
are fine. You need a constant stream of mucus to get
rid of and prevent an infection. I am going in to this
in some detail because in almost all cases if you treat
a symptom, you are going to make the disease worse
because the symptom is there as your body's attempt to
heal itself. Now, the medical profession is
continuously segregating more and more symptoms into
diseases, they call the symptoms diseases. Using ENT
for example, that patient will walk out of there with a
diagnosis of Rhinitis which is inflammation of the
nose. Is there a reason that patient has inflammation
of the nose? I think so. Wouldn't that underlying cause
be the disease as opposed to the descriptive term of
Rhinitis or Pharyngitis? Some one can have the same
virus and have Rhinitis or Pharyngitis, or Sinusitis,
they can have all sorts of "itis's" which is a
descriptive term for inflammation. That is what the
code will be and that is what the disease will be. So
they treat what they think is the disease which is just
a symptom. It is the same thing with cholesterol. If
you have high cholesterol it is called
hypercholesterolemia. Hypercholesterolemia has become
the code for the disease when it is only the symptom.
So they treat that symptom and what are they doing to
the heart? Messing it up. So what you have to do if you
are going to treat any disease is you need to get to
the root of the disease. If you keep pulling a
dandelion out by it's leaves, you are not going to get
very far. But the problem is that we don't know what
the root is, or we haven't. They know what it is in
many other areas of science, but the problem is that
medicine really isn't a science, it is a business, but
I don't want to get in to that, we can talk hours on
that. But if you really look at the root of what is
causing it, we can use that cold as a further example.
Why does that person have a cold? If he saw the doctor,
the doctor might tell him to take an antibiotic along
with the decongestant. You see this all the time
because the doctor wants to get rid of the patient.
Well we all know that in almost all cases of an upper
respiratory infection it is a virus, and the antibiotic
is going to do worse than nothing because it is going
to kill the bacterial flora in the gut and impair the
immune system, making the immune system worse. The
patient might see someone else more knowledgeable who
will say no, you caught a virus, don't do anything, go
home and sleep, let your body heal itself. That's
better. You might see someone else who would ask why
you caught a virus without being out there trying to
hunt for viruses with a net. We are breathing viruses
every day; right now we are breathing viruses, cold
viruses, rhinoviruses. Why doesn't everybody catch a
cold tomorrow? The Chinese will tell you that it is
because the milieu has to be right, if the Chinese were
to quote the French. Your body has to be receptive to
that virus. Only if your immune system is depressed
will it allow that virus to take hold. So maybe a
depressed immune system is the disease. So you can be
given a bunch of vitamin C because your immune system
is depressed and it is likely that the person has a
vitamin C deficiency. That's where most of us are at
right now, where we would give a bunch of vitamin C to
try to pick up the immune system. But why is the
vitamin C not working. Vitamin C is make in almost all
living mammals except humans and a couple other
species. Vitamin C is made directly from glucose and
actually has a similar structure and they compete for
one another. We've known for many years that sugar
depresses the immune system. We have known that for
decades. It was only in the 70's that they found out
that vitamin C was needed by white blood cells so that
they could phagocytize bacteria and viruses. White
blood cells require a fifty times higher concentration
at least inside the cell as outside so they have to
accumulate vitamin C. There is something called a
phagocytic index which tells you how rapidly a
particular macrophage or lymphocyte can gobble up a
virus, bacteria, or cancer cell. It was in the 70's
that Linus Pauling knew that white blood cells needed a
high dose of vitamin C and that is when he came up with
his theory that you need high doses of vitamin C to
combat the common cold. But if we know that vitamin C
and glucose have similar chemical structure, what
happens when the sugar levels go up? They compete for
one another upon entering the cells. And the thing that
mediates the entry of vitamin C into the cells is the
same thing that mediates the entry of glucose into the
cells. If there is more glucose around there is going
to be less vitamin C allowed into the cell and it
doesn't take much. A blood sugar value of 120 reduces
the phagocytic index seventy-five percent. Here we are
getting a little bit further down into the roots of
disease. It doesn't matter what disease you are talking
about, whether you are talking about a common cold or
about cardiovascular disease, or osteoporosis or
cancer, the root is always going to be at the molecular
and cellular level, and I will tell you that insulin is
going to have its hand in it, if not totally
controlling it. What is the purpose of insulin? As I
mentioned, in some organisms it is to control their
lifespan, which is important. What is the purpose of
insulin in humans? If you ask your doctor, they will
say that it's to lower blood sugar and I will tell you
right now, that is a trivial side effect. Insulin's
evolutionary purpose, among others at least known right
now, we are looking at others, is to store excess
nutrients. We come from a time of feast and famine and
if we couldn't store the excess energy during times of
feasting, we would all not be here, because we all have
had ancestors that encountered famine. So we are only
here because our ancestors were able to store
nutrients, and they were able to store nutrients
because they were able to elevate their insulin in
response to any elevation in energy that the organism
encountered. When your body notices that the sugar is
elevated, it is a sign that you've got more than you
need right now, you are not burning it so it is
accumulating in your blood. So insulin will be released
to take that sugar and store it. How does it store it?
(Someone in the audience suggest the answer
glycogen)?Glycogen? How much glycogen do you store? Do
you know how much glycogen you have in your body at any
one time? Very little. All the glycogen stored in your
liver and all the glycogen stored in your muscle if you
had an active day wouldn't last you the day. Once you
fill up your glycogen stores how is that sugar is
stored, as what particular kind of triglyceride, or
fatty acid? Palmitic acid. Saturated fat, ninety-eight
percent of which is palmitic acid. So the idea of the
medical profession to go on a high complex
carbohydrate, low saturated-fat diet is an absolute
oxymoron, because those high complex carbohydrate diets
are nothing but a high glucose diet, or a high sugar
diet, and your body is just going to store it as
saturated fat. The body makes it into saturated fat
quite readily. What else does insulin do? It doesn't
just store carbohydrates, by the way. Somebody
mentioned that it is an anabolic hormone, it absolutely
is. Body builders are using insulin now because it is legal,
so they are injecting themselves with insulin because it
builds muscle, it stores protein too. A lesser known
fact is that insulin also stores magnesium. We mentioned
it's role in vitamin C, it stores all sorts of
nutrients. But what happens if your cells become
resistant to insulin? First of all you can't store
magnesium so you lose it, that's one effect, you lose it
out the urine. What is one of magnesium's major roles?
To relax muscles. Intracellular magnesium relaxes
muscles. What happens when you can't store magnesium
because the cell is resistant? You lose magnesium and
your blood vessels constrict, what does that do?
Increases blood pressure, and reduces energy since
intracellular magnesium is required for all energy
producing reactions that take place in the cell. But
most importantly, magnesium is also necessary for the
action of insulin. It is also necessary for the
manufacture of insulin. So then you raise your insulin,
you lose magnesium, and the cells become even more
insulin resistant. Blood vessels constrict, glucose and
insulin can't get to the tissues, which makes them more
insulin resistant, so the insulin levels go up and you
lose more magnesium. This is the vicious cycle that goes
on from before you were born. Insulin sensitivity is
going to start being determined from the moment the
sperm combines with the egg. If your mother, while you
were in the womb was eating a high carbohydrate diet
which is turning into sugar, we have been able to show
that the fetus in animals becomes more insulin
resistant. Worse yet, they are able to use sophisticated
measurements, and if that fetus happens to be a female,
they find that the eggs of that fetus are more insulin
resistant. Does that mean it is genetic? No, you can be
born with something and it doesn't mean that it is
genetic. Diabetes is not a genetic disease as such. You
can have a genetic predisposition. But it should be an
extremely rare disease. What else does insulin do? We
mentioned high blood pressure, if your magnesium levels
go down you get high blood pressure. We mentioned that
the blood vessels constrict and you get high blood
pressure. Insulin also causes the retention of sodium,
which causes the retention of fluid, which causes high
blood pressure and fluid retention: congestive heart
failure. One of the strongest stimulants of the
sympathetic nervous system is high levels of insulin.
What does all of this do to the heart? Not very good
things. There was a study done a couple of years ago, a
good, down to earth nicely conducted study that showed
that heart attacks are two to three times more likely to
happen after a high carbohydrate meal. They said
specifically NOT after a high fat meal. Why is that?
Because the immediate effects of raising your blood
sugar from a high carbohydrate meal is to raise insulin
and that immediately triggers the sympathetic nervous
system which will cause arterial spasm, constriction of
the arteries. If you take anybody prone to a heart
attack and that is when they are going to get it. What
else does insulin do? Insulin mediates blood lipids.
That patient who had a triglyceride of 2200, one of the
easiest things we can do is lower triglyceride levels.
It is so simple. There was just an article in J.A.M.A.
an article and they were saying that the medical
profession doesn't know how to reduce triglycerides
dietarily, that drugs still need to be used. It is so
ridiculous because you will find that it is the easiest
thing to do. They come tumbling down. There is almost a
direct correlation between triglyceride levels and
insulin levels. In some people more than others. The
gentleman who had a triglyceride level of 2200 while on
all the drugs only had an insulin level of 14.7. That is
only slightly elevated, but it doesn't take much in some
people, all we had to do was get his insulin level down
to 8 initially and then it went down to six and that got
his triglycerides down to under 200. The way you control
blood lipids is by controlling insulin. We won't go into
a lot of detail, but we now know that LDL cholesterol
comes in several fractions, and it is the small, dense
LDL that plays the largest role in initiating plaque.
It's the most oxidizable. It is the most able to
actually fit through the small cracks in the
endothelium. And that's the one that insulin actually
raises the most. When I say insulin, I should say
insulin resistance. It is insulin resistance that is
causing this. Cells become insulin resistant because
they are trying to protect themselves from the toxic
effects of high insulin. They down regulate their
receptor activity and number of receptors so that they
don't have to listen to that noxious stimuli all the
time. It is like having this loud, disgusting rap music
played and you want to turn the volume down. You might
think of insulin resistance as like sitting in a smelly
room and pretty soon you don't smell it anymore because
you get desensitized. You can think about it, its not
that you are not thinking about it anymore. But if you
walk out of the room and come back, the smell is back.
You can get resensitized is what that is telling you. It
would be like you are starting to go deaf and your are
telling others to speak up because you can't hear them,
so if I was your pancreas, I would just start talking
louder, and what does that do to your hearing? You would
become deafer. Most cases of deafness, especially in old
age is due to excessive noise exposure. All the noise
exposure your ears have been exposed to, well the hair
cells that end up triggering your brain to allow you to
hear eventually get killed. Sometimes it just takes a
single firecracker. This is the same thing with insulin
resistance. What happens is that if your cells are
exposed to insulin at all they get a little bit more
resistant to it. So the pancreas just puts out more
insulin. I saw a patient today, her blood sugar was 102
and her insulin was 90! She wasn't sure if she was
fasting or not, but I've seen other patients where their
blood sugar was under 100 and their fasting insulin has
been over 90. That is a fasting insulin. I'm not sure
how many people are familiar with seeing fasting
insulins. But if I drank all the glucose I could
possibly drink my insulin would never go above probably
40. So she was extremely insulin resistant. What was
happening was she was controlling her blood sugar.
Statistically she was not diabetic. She is not even
impaired glucose tolerant. Her glucose is totally normal
supposedly. But her cells aren't listening to insulin,
she just has an exceptionally strong pancreas. Her islet
cells that produce insulin are extremely strong and are
able to compensate for that insulin resistance by
producing thirty times more insulin than what my fasting
insulin is. And just by mass action her pancreas is
yelling so loud that her cells are able to listen, but
they are not going to listen forever. Her pancreas is
not going to be able keep up that production forever.
Well the usual treatment once she becomes diabetic,
which would be inevitable, once her production of
insulin starts slowing down or her resistance goes up
any more, than her blood sugar goes up and she becomes a
diabetic. For many years, decades before that her
insulin levels have been elevated. They have been
elevated for thirty years probably and have never been
checked. That insulin resistance is associated with the
hyperinsulinemia that produces all of the co-called
chronic diseases of aging or at least contributes to
them. As far as we know in many venues of science, it is
the main cause of aging in virtually all life. Insulin
is that important. So controlling insulin sensitivity is
extremely important. How else does insulin affect
cardiovascular disease? We've only just touched upon it.
Insulin is a so-called mytogenic hormone. It stimulates
cell proliferation. It stimulates cells to divide. If
all of the cells were to become resistant to insulin we
wouldn't have that much of a problem. The problem is
that all of the cells don't become resistant. Some cells
are incapable of becoming very resistant. The liver
becomes resistant first, then the muscle tissue, then
the fat. When the liver becomes resistant, what is the
effect of insulin on the liver, it is to suppress the
production of sugar. The sugar floating around in your
body at any one time is the result of two things, the
sugar that you have eaten and how much sugar your liver
has made. When you wake up in the morning it is more of
a reflection of how much sugar your liver has made. If
your liver is listening to insulin properly it won't
make much sugar in the middle of the night. If your
liver is resistant, those brakes are lifted and your
liver starts making a bunch of sugar so you wake up with
a bunch of sugar. The next tissue to become resistant is
the muscle tissue. What is the action of insulin in
muscles? It allows your muscles to burn sugar for one
thing. So if your muscles become resistant to insulin it
can't burn that sugar that was just manufactured by the
liver. So the liver is producing too much, the muscles
can't burn it, and this raises your blood sugar. Well
the fat cells become resistant, but not for a while. It
is only after a while that they become resistant. It
takes them longer. Liver first, muscle second, and then
your fat cells. So for a while your fat cells retain
their sensitivity. What is the action of insulin on your
fat cells? To store that fat. It takes sugar and it
stores it as fat. So until your fat cells become
resistant you get fat, and that is what you see. As
people become more and more insulin resistant, they get
fat and their weight goes up. But eventually they
plateau. They might plateau at three hundred pounds, two
hundred and twenty pounds, one hundred and fifty pounds,
but they will eventually plateau as the fat cells
protect themselves and become insulin resistant. As all
these major tissues, this massive body becomes
resistant, your liver, muscles and fat, your pancreas is
putting out more insulin to compensate, so you are
hyperinsulinemic and you've got insulin floating around
all the time, 90 units, more. But there are certain
tissues that aren't becoming resistant such as your
endothelium, the lining of the arteries do not become
resistant very readily. So all that insulin is effecting
the lining of your arteries. If you drip insulin into
the artery of a dog, there was a Dr. Cruz who did this
in the early 70's by accident, he was doing a diabetic
experiment and found out that the femeral artery that
the insulin was being dripped into was almost totally
occluded with plaque after about three months. The
contra lateral side was totally clear, just contact of
insulin in the artery caused it to fill up with plaque.
That has been known since the 70's, it has been repeated
in chickens, in dogs, it is really a well-known fact.
Insulin floating around in the blood causes a plaque
build up. They didn't know why, but we know that insulin
causes endothelial proliferation, that's the first step,
it causes a tumor, an endothelial tumor. Insulin causes
the blood to clot too readily. Insulin causes the
conversion of macrophages into foam cells, which are the
cells that accumulate the fatty deposits. Every step of
the way, insulin's got its fingers in it and is causing
cardiovascular disease. It fills it with plaque, it
constricts the arteries, it stimulates the sympathetic
nervous system, it increases platelet adhesiveness and
coaguability of the blood. Any known cause of
cardiovascular disease insulin is a part of. It
influences nitric oxide synthase. You produce less
nitric oxide in the endothelium. We know that helps
mediate vasodilatation and constriction, i.e. angina. I
mentioned that insulin increases cellular proliferation,
what does that do to cancer? It increases it. And there
are some pretty strong studies that show that one of the
strongest correlations to breast and colon cancer are
with levels of insulin. Hyperinsulinemia causes the
excretion of magnesium in the urine. What other big
mineral does it cause the excretion of? Calcium. What is
the cause of osteoporosis? There are two major causes,
one is a high carbohydrate diet which causes
hyperinsulinemia. People walking around with
hyperinsulinemia can take all the calcium they want by
mouth and it's all going to go out in their urine.
Insulin is one of the first hormones that any organism
ever developed, and as I mentioned in genetics, things
are built upon what was there before. So all the other
hormones we have in our body were actually built upon
insulin. In other words, insulin controls growth
hormone. How does growth hormone work? The pituitary
produces growth hormone, and then it goes to the liver
and the liver produces what are called IgF 1 thru 4,
there are probably more. What does IgF stand for? Insulin-
like growth factor. They are the active ingredients.
Growth hormone has some small effects on its own, but
the major growth factors are the IgF's that then
circulatge that is associated with that day. We have
accumulated more damage during that day, that is called
senescence. What causes that damage? There is often an
example of test tubes in a laboratory. You don't think
of test tubes as aging, yet if you mark test tubes with
a little red dot and counted the number of test tubes
there were at the end of the year with a little red dot
left, there would hardly be any, why, because they have
encountered damage. They've broken, so even though there
is not aging they do have immortality rates. Aging is an
increase in the rate of mortality. In humans, the rate
of mortality doubles every eight years. That is really
how you gauge the rate of aging. We found in animal
studies that the rate of aging can be largely controlled
by insulin. But the damage that accumulates during that
aging is caused by largely by sugar. The two major
causes of accumulated damage are oxygenation, and
glycation. I'm not going to spend my time talking about
oxidation. Most of you know all about that. What is
oxidation? There are several definitions but we can use
a very common one, whenever oxygen combines with
something, it oxidizes. Oxygen is a very poisonous
substance. Throughout most of the history of life on
Earth there was no oxygen. Organisms had to develop very
specific mechanisms of dealing with high levels of
oxygen before there could ever be life with oxygen. So
we evolved very quickly, as plants arose and developed a
very easy means of acquiring energy, they could just lay
back and catch rays, and they dealt with that oxygen
with the carbon dioxide by spitting it out, they didn't
want it around. So the oxygen in the atmosphere
increased. All the other organisms then had to cope with
that toxic oxygen. Many perished if they didn't have
ways of dealing with it. One of the earliest ways of
dealing with all that oxygen was for the cells to huddle
together, so that at least the interior cells wouldn't
be exposed to as much. So, multi-celled organisms arose
after oxygen did. Of course, with that came the need for
cellular communication. So let's talk about glycation.
Everyone knows that oxygen causes damage, but
unfortunately, the press has not been as kind to
publicize glycation. Glycation is the same as oxidation
except substitute the word glucose. When you glycate
something you combine it with glucose. Glucose combines
with anything else really, it's a very sticky molecule.
Just take sugar on your fingers. It's very sticky. It
sticks specifically to proteins. So the glycation of
proteins is extremely important. If it sticks around a
while it produces what are called advanced glycated end
products. That acronym is not an accident; it stands for
A.G.E.'s. If you can turn over, or re-manufacture the
protein that's good, and it increases the rate of
protein turnover if you are lucky. Glycation damages the
protein to the extent that white blood cells will come
around and gobble it up and get rid of it, so then you
have to produce more, putting more of a strain on your
ability to repair and maintain your body. That is the
best alternative; the worst alternative is when those
proteins get glycated that can't turn over very rapidly,
like collagen, or like a protein that makes up nerve
tissue. These proteins cannot be gotten rid of, so the
protein accumulates, and the A.G.E.'s accumulate and
they continue to damage. That includes the collagen that
makes up the matrix of your arteries. A.G.E.'s are so
bad that we know that there are receptors for A.G.E.'s,
hundreds of receptors for every macrophage. They are
designed to try to get rid of those
i.s.A.'s, but what happens when a macrophage combines with
an
i.s.B. product?he mechanisms for applotosis, which is the
medical term for chemical suicide. So we know that it
plays a role. Let's get to diet. Diet really becomes
pretty simple. Carbohydrates we started talking
about. You've got fiber and non-fiber and that's real
clear-cut. Fiber is good, non-fiber is bad. Fibrous
carbs, like vegetables and broccoli, those are great.
What is a potato? A potato is a big lump of sugar.
That's all it is. You chew a potato, what are you
swallowing? Glucose. You may not remember, but you
learned that in eighth grade, but the medical
profession still hasn't learned that. What is the
major salivary enzyme? Amylase. What is amylase used
for? To break down amylose which is just a tree of
glucose molecules. What is a slice of bread? A slice
of sugar. Does it have anything else good about it?
Virtually no. Somebody emailed me who had decided to
do a little research. And there are fifty-some
essential nutrients to the human body. You know you
need to breathe oxygen. It gives us life and it kills
us. Same with glucose. Certain tissues require some
glucose. We wouldn't be here if there were no
glucose, it gives us life and it kills us. We know
that we have essential amino acids and we have
essential fatty acids. They are essential for life,
we better take them in as building blocks or we die.
So what he did is he took all the essential nutrients
that are known to man and plugged it in to this
computer data bank and he asked the computer what are
the top ten foods that contain each nutrient that is
required by the human body. Each of the fifty-three
or fifty-four, depending on who you talk to,
essential nutrients that there are were plugged in,
and did you know that grains did not come up in the
top ten on any one. What is the minimum daily
requirement for carbohydrates? ZERO. What is the food
pyramid based on? A totally irrelevant nutrient.
Let's go beyond Carbohydrates. Let's back up even
further? Why do we eat? One reason is energy. That's
half of the reason. It is very simple, there are two
reasons why we eat, one is to gather energy. We need
to obtain energy. The other essential reason (Not
just for fun! Fun is a good one, but you won't have
much fun if you eat too much.) Is to replace tissue,
to gather up building blocks for maintenance and
repair. Those are the two essential reasons that we
need to eat. We need the building blocks and we need
fuel, not the least of which is to have energy to
obtain those building blocks and then to have energy
to fuel those chemical reactions to use those
building blocks. So what are the building blocks that
are needed, proteins and fatty acids. Not much in the
way if carbohydrates. You can get all the
carbohydrates you need from proteins and fats. So the
building blocks are covered by proteins and fats.
What about fuel? That's the other reason we eat.
There are two kinds of fuel that your body can use
with minor exceptions, sugar and fat. We mentioned
earlier that the body is going to store excess eneght
now should be almost all fat. But what happens if you
eat sugar. Your body's main way of getting rid of it,
because it is toxic, is to burn it. That which your
body can't burn your body will get rid of by storing
it as glycogen and when that gets filled up your body
stores it as fat. If you eat sugar your body will
burn it and you stop burning fat. We talked about a
lot of the effects of high insulin. We talked about
insulin causing the formation of saturated fat from
sugar. Another major effect of insulin on fat is it
prevents you from burning
it. What happens when you are insulin resistant and you have
a bunch of insulin floating around all the time, you
wake up in the morning with an insulin of 90. How much
fat are you going to be burning? Virtually none. What
are you going to burn if not fat? Sugar coming from your
muscle. So you have all this fat that you've accumulated
over the years that your body is very adept at adding
to. Every time you have any excess energy you are going
to store it as fat, but if you don't eat, where you
would otherwise be able to burn it, you cannot and you
will still burn sugar because that is all your body is
capable of burning anymore. Where is it going to get the
sugar? Well you don't store much of it in the form of
sugar so it will take it from your muscle. That's your
body's major depot of sugar. You just eat up your muscle
tissue. Any time you have excess you store it as fat and
any time you are deficient you burn up your muscle.
Getting back to the macronutrients, fuel, fat is your
best fuel by far and the fuel that your body wants to
use. So there are two reasons to eat, you need to gather
the building blocks for maintenance and repair, that's
protein and fat, no carbohydrate needed, and you eat for
fuel, without question, fat is your most efficient fuel
and the fuel that your body desires the most. So where
do carbohydrates come in? They don't. There is no
essential need for carbohydrates. SO why are we all
eating carbohydrates? To keep the rate of aging up, we
don't want to pay social security to everyone. I didn't
say you can't have any carbs, I said fiber is good.
Vegetables are great, I want you to eat vegetables. The
practical aspect of it is that you are going to get
carbs, but there is no essential need. The traditional
Eskimo diet for most of the year subsists on almost no
vegetables at all, but they get their vitamins from
organ meats and things like eyeball which are a
delicacy, or were. So, you don't really need it, but
sure, vegetables are good for you and you should eat
them. They are part of the diet that I would recommend,
and that is where you'll get your vitamin C. I recommend
Vitamin C supplements, I don't have anything against
taking supplements, I use a lot of them. Fruit is a
mixed blessing. You can divide food on a continuum.
There are some foods that I really can't say anything
good about since there is no reason really to recommend
them. And the other end of the spectrum are foods that
are totally essential, like omega 3 fatty acids for
instance which most people are very deficient in, and
even those have a detriment because they are highly
oxidizable, so you had better have the antioxidant
capacity. So if you are going to supploods do to their
blood sugar. It doesn't take much. What is very
surprising to these people once they really measure is
what little carbohydrate it takes to cause your blood
sugar to skyrocket. One saltine cracker will take the
blood sugar to go over 100 and in many people it will
cause the blood sugar to go to 150 for a variety of
reasons, not just the sugar in it. (Someone in the
audience asks an illegible question to which
iu. Rosedale responds?) When you are eating a high
carbohydrate diet, when you are born, your mother,
everbody is telling you to eat a bowl of Cheerios for
breakfast. You eat that bowl of cheerios and that turns
to sugar, and your sugar goes up very rapidly and that
causes a big rush of insulin and your body all of a
sudden senses a huge amount of sugar being delivered to
it at once, of which it was never used to, in an
evolutionary sense. We only have one hormone that lowers
sugar, and that's insulin. Its primary use was never to
lower sugar. We've got a bunch of hormones that raise
sugar, cortisone being one and growth hormone another,
and epinephrine, and glucagon. Our primary evolutionary
problem was to raise blood sugar to give your brain
enough and your nerves enough and primarily red blood
cells, which require glucose. So from an evolutionary
sense if something is important we have redundant
mechanisms. The fact that we only have one hormone that
lowers sugar tells us that it was never something
important in the past. So you get this rush of sugar and
your body panics, your pancreas panics and it stores,
when it is healthy, insulin in these granules, ready to
be released. It lets these granules out and it pours out
a bunch of insulin to deal with this onslaught of sugar
and what does that do? Well the pancreas generally
overcompensates, and it causes your sugar to go down,
and just as I mentioned, you have got a bunch of
hormones then to raise your blood sugar, they are then
released, including cortisone. The biggest stress on
your body is eating a big glucose load. Then Epinephrine
is released too, so it makes your nervous and it also
stimulates your brain to crave carbohydrates, to seek
out some sugar, my sugar is low. So you are craving
carbohydrates, so you eat another bowl of cheerios, or a
big piece of fruit, you eat something else so that after
your sugar goes low, and with the hormone release, and
with the sugar cravings and carbohydrate craving your
sugars go way up again which causes your pancreas to
release more insulin and then it goes way down. Now you
are in to this sinusoidal wave of blood sugar, which
causes insulin resistance. Your body can't stand that
for very long. So you are constantly putting out
cortisone. We talk about insulin resistance. We hear a
lot about insulin resistance, but stop and think a
little bit, do you think our cells only become resistant
to insulin? The more hormones your cells are exposed to,
the more resistant they will become to almost any
hormone. Certain cells more than others, so there is a
discrepancy. The problem with hormone resistance is that
there is a dichotomy of resistance, that all the cells
don't become resistant at the same time. And different
hormones affect different cells, and the rate of hormone
is different among different cells and this causes lots
of problems with the feedback mechanisms. We know that
one of the major areas of the body thand it only made
sense to me that you don't want to feed these people
carbohydrates, so I put him on a low carbohydrate diet.
He was an exceptional case, after a month to six weeks
he was totally off of insulin. He had been on 200 some
units of insulin for twenty-five years. He was so
insulin resistant, one thing good about it is that when
you lower that insulin, that insulin is having such
little effect on him that you can massively lower the
insulin and its not going to have much of an effect on
his blood sugar either. 200 units of insulin is not
going to lower your sugar any more that 300
mg/deciliter. You know that the insulin is not doing
much. So we could rapidly take him off the insulin and
he was actually cured of his diabetes in a matter of
weeks. So he became sensitive enough, he was still
producing a lot of insulin on his own, then we were able
to measure his own insulin and it was still elevated,
and then it took a long time, maybe six months or longer
to bring that insulin down. It will probably never get
to the point of the sensitivity of a ten year old, but
yes, your number of insulin receptors increases, and the
activity of the receptors, the chemical reactions that
occur beyond the receptor occur more efficiently.
Tyrosine kinase. You can increase sensitivity by diet,
that is one of the major reasons you want to take Omega
3 oils. We think of circulation as that which flows
through arteries and veins, and that is not a minor part
of our circulation, but it might not even be the major
part. The major part of circulation is what goes in and
out of the cell. The cell membrane is a fluid mosaic.
The major part of our circulation is determined by what
goes in and out. It doesn't make any difference what
gets to that cell if it can't get into the cell. We know
that one of the major ways that you can affect cellular
circulation is by modulating the kinds of fatty acids
that you eat. So you can increase receptor sensitivity
by increasing the fluidity of the cell membrane, which
means increasing the omega 3 content, because most
people are very deficient. They say that you are what
you eat and that mostly pertains to fat because the
fatty acids that you eat are the ones that will
generally get incorporated into the cell membrane. The
cell membranes are going to be a reflection of your
dietary fat and that will determine the fluidity of your
cell membrane. You can actually make them over fluid. If
you eat too much and you incorporate too many omega 3
oils then they will become highly oxidizable (so you
have to eat Vitamin E as well and monounsaturates as
well) There was an interesting article pertaining to
this where they had a breed of rat that was genetically
susceptible to cancer. What they did was they fed them a
high omega 3 diet, plus iron, without any extra Vitamin
E and they were able to almost shrink down the tumors to
nothing, because tumors are rapidly dividing. This is
like a form of chemotherapy, and the membranes that were
being formed in these tumor cells were very high in
omega three oils, the iron acted as a catalyst for that
oxidation, and the cells were exploding from getting
oxidized so rapidly. So omega 3 oils can be a double
edged sword. Most food is a double edged sword. Like
oxygen and glucose, they keep us alive and they kill us,
eating is the biggest stress we put on our body and that
is why in caloric restriction experiments you can extend
life as long as yres, or at least estimate it by their
activity level. The book Protein Power actually went
very well in to this. You have to calculate how much
protein is required by their activity level and their
lean body mass. There is still some grey area as to how
many grams per kilogram of lean body mass, depending on
the activity that person requires. Anywhere perhaps one
to two grams of protein per kilogram of lean body mass,
maybe even a little bit higher if someone is really
active. You don't want to go under that for very long.
I'd say that it is better to go over than to go under
that amount for very long. But I especially don't want
my diabetic patients, which means all of us, because in
a very real sense we really all have diabetes, it is
just a matter of degree, we all have a certain degree of
insulin resistance. If you can cure a diabetic of
diabetes, you can do the same thing to a so-called non-
diabetic person and still improve that person. I want to
improve my insulin sensitivity just as much as I do my
diabetics because insulin sensitivity is going to
determine for the most part how long you are going to
live and how healthy you are going to be. It determines
the rate of aging more so than anything else we know
right now. (Question: What about supplements such as
Chromium for example?) Chromium, it depends on who you
are dealing with, but are we talking about a diabetic
patient which is supposed to be the topic of this talk,
yes, all my diabetics go on 1,000 mcg. Of chromium, some
a little bit more if they are really big people. Usually
500mcg for a non-diabetic. It depends on their insulin
levels. I don't care so much what their sugar levels
are, I care what their insulin levels are, which is a
reflection of their insulin sensitivity. We are talking
about hyperinsulinemia or non-hyper-insulinemia. Its
insulin we should be concerned about. I use a lot of
supplements. What you really want to do, and my purpose
mostly is to try to convert that person back into being
an efficient burner of fat. We talked about when you are
very insulin resistant and you are waking up in the
morning with an insulin that is elevated, you cannot
burn fat, you are burning sugar. They don't know how to
burn fat anymore and that is your best fuel. One of the
reasons that sugar goes up so high is because that is
what your cell is needing to burn, but if it is so
insulin resistant it requires a blood sugar of 300 so
that just by mass action some can get in to the cell and
be used as fuel. If you eliminate that need to burn
sugar, you don't need such high levels of sugar even if
you are insulin resistant. So you want to increase the
ability of the cells in the body to burn fat. You want
to make that glucose burner into a fat burner. You want
to make a gasoline burning car into a diesel burning
car. Did anyone ever look at the molecular structure of
diesel fuel in your spare time? It looks almost
identical to a fatty acid. There is a company right now
that can tell you how to alter vegetable oil to use in
your Mercedes. It's just a matter of thinning it out a
little bit. It is a very efficient fuel. (Question) You
can look at other variables that will give you some idea
too such as triglycerides. If they are very sensitive to
high levels of insulin, they come in with insulin levels
of 14 and they have triglycerides of 1000, then you
would treat them just as you would if they had an
insulin level of 50. It gives yoding before an event.
What happens if you eat a bowl of pasta before you have
to run a marathon. What does that bowl of pasta do? It
raises your insulin. What is the instruction of insulin
to your body? To store energy and not burn it. I see a
fair amount of athletes and this is what I tell them,
you want everybody, athletes especially, to be able to
burn fat efficiently. So when they train, they are on a
very low carbohydrate diet. The night before their
event, they can stock up on sugar and load their
glycogen if they would like. They are not going to
become insulin resistant in one day. Just enough to make
sure, it has been shown that if you eat a big
carbohydrate meal that you will increase your glycogen
stores, that is true and that is what you want. But you
don't want to train that way because if you do you won't
be able to burn fat, you can only burn sugar, and if you
are an athlete you want to be able to burn both. Few
people have problems burning sugar if they are an
athlete, but they have lots of problems burning fat, so
they hit the wall. And for a certain event like
sprinting it is less important, truthfully, for their
health it is very important to be able to burn fat, but
a sprinter will go right into burning sugar. If you are
a 50 yard dash man, whether you can burn fat or not is
not going to make a huge difference in your final
performance. Beyond your athletic years if you don't
want to become a diabetic, and if you don't want to die
of heart disease and if you don't want to age quickly?It
is certainly not going to do you any harm to be able to
burn fat efficiently in addition to sugar. (Question)
Carnitine? Carnitine is a shuttle. It takes fatty acids
into the cell. You can't burn fat without it. I say they
should take as much carnitine as they can afford. Co Q
10 is a biggie, it is involved in the energy production
of all cells. It protects the mitochondria from electron
leakage and damage. Give anywhere from 100 to 500mg,
depending on the kind of Q10, some are more absorbable
than others. Vanadyl Sulfate is an insulin mimic, so
that it can basically do what insulin does by a
different mechanism. If it went through the same insulin
receptors, then it wouldn't offer any benefit, but it
doesn't, it actually has been shown to go through a
different mechanism to lower blood sugar, so it spares
insulin and then it can help improve insulin
sensitivity. On someone who I am trying to really get
their insulin down I go 25mg 3X/day temporarily. B
Vitamins are necessary in the conversion of all energy,
so they all get extra B Vitamins, usually in a multi. I
put people on glutamine powder. Glutamine can act really
as a brain fuel, so it helps eliminate carbohydrate
cravings while they are in that transition period. I
like to give it to them at night and I tell them to use
it whenever they feel they are craving carbohydrates.
They can put several grams into a little water and drink
it and it helps eliminate carbohydrate cravings between
meals. (Question) It is a high protein diet that will
increase an acid load in the body, but not necessarily a
high fat diet. Vegetables and greens are alkalinizing,
so if you are eating a lot of vegetables along with your
protein it equalizes the acidifying effect of the
protein. I don't recommend a high protein diet. I
recoquires. We just have one name for fat, we call it
fat or oil. Eskimos have dozens of names for snow and
east Indians have dozens of names for curry. We should
have dozens of names for fat because they do many
different things. And how much of which fat to take is
still open to a lot of investigation and controversy. My
take on fat is that if I am treating a patient who is
generally hyperinsulinemic or overweight, I want them on
a low saturated fat diet. Because most of the fat they
are storing is saturated fat. When their insulin goes
down and they are able to start releasing triglycerides
to burn as fat, what they are going to be releasing
mostly is saturated fat. So you don't want to take
anymore orally. There is a ration of fatty acids that is
desirable, if you took them from the moment you were
born, but we don't, we are dealing with an imbalance
here that we are trying to correct as rapidly as we can.
You have plenty of saturated fat. Most of us here have
enough saturated fat to last the rest of our life.
Truthfully. Your cell membranes require a balance of
saturated and poly-unsaturated fat, and it is that
balance that determines the fluidity. As I mentioned,
your cells can become over-fluid if they don't have any
saturated fat. Saturated fat is a hard fat. We can get
the fats from foods to come mostly from nuts. Nuts are a
great food because it is mostly mono-unsaturated. Your
primary energy source ideally would come mostly from mono-
unsaturated fat. It's a good compromise. It is not an
essential fat, but it is a more fluid fat. Your body can
utilize it very well as an energy source. (Question)
Animal proteins are fine and are good for you, but not
the ones that are fed grains. Grainfed animals are going
to make saturated fat out of the grains. Saturated fat
in nature occurs to a very tiny degree. Not in the wild
there is very little saturated fat out there. If you
talk about the Paleolithic diet, we didn't eat a
saturated fat diet. Saturated fat diets are new to
mankind. We manufactured a saturated fat diet by feeding
animals grains. You can consider saturated fat to be
second generation carbohydrates. We eat the saturated
fats that other animals produce from carbohydrates.
(Question) Zone was a good diet compared to the American
diet it was unusual. Is it an optimal diet? No. Is it
optimal for what is known today about nutrition, it is
not. He is stuck in this mold he can't get out of but
now he is trying to get out of it through the back door.
Initially the author spoke about how it made no
difference if you got your carbohydrate from candy or
vegetables. The Volkswagen was a good car, but
eventually they had to change it to keep up with modern
technology. What he is doing now is changing his recipes
so that the 40% carbohydrates are coming primarily from
vegetables, and the carbohydrates are going way down
because he knows that if he doesn't it's not as good a
diet. (Question) I would go 20% of calories from carbs.
Depending on the size of the person, 25 to 30% of
calories from protein, and 60-65% from fat. You can get
non-grain fed beef. Lasater beef is non-grain fed, and
buffalo is non-grain fed. Insulin is not the only cause
of disease. There are other considerations such as iron.
We know that high iron levels are bad for you. If a
person's ferritin is high, red meat is out for a while,
till we get their iron down. SO there are other things
involved about if we are going to allow a person to eat
red meat or not. (Question) There is a great deal of
difference between a non-grain fed cow and a grain fed
cow. Non-grain fed will have only 10% or less saturated
fat. Grain fed can have ovepending on what their gut can
tolerate. I like I.V. magnesium to replenish them.
Vitamin E, big fan of Vitamin E, I would go to 2000mg.
Zinc, 30 to sixty mg, balanced with 2mg of copper per 15
mg of zinc, usually 4mg of copper sebacate. Taurine: 1gm
twice a day. Chromium 1000mcg Vanadium 25mg for about
two to three months. Then down to 71/2 mg three times a
day, then I'll go down further, then I take them off
completely once they are better. They can have as much
glutamine as they want and as much carnitine as they can
afford. The more the better I use gymnema sylvestre a
lot. I like sardines if they will eat them. Sardines are
a very good therapeutic food. They are baby fish so they
haven't had time to accumulate a bunch of metal. They
are smoked so they are not cooked and the oil is not
spoiled in them. You have to eat the whole thing. Not
the boneless and skinless. You need to eat all the
organs and they are high in vitamins and magnesium. DNA
glycates. So if people are worried about chromosomal
damage from chromium, what they should really be worried
about instead is high blood sugar. DNA repair enzymes
glycate as well. Insulin is by far your biggest poison.
They disproved that study that was against chromium many
times. They showed that it only happens if you put cells
in a petrie dish with chromium but in vivo studies prove
otherwise. The lowering of insulin is going to be better
than any possible detriment of any of the therapies you
are using. Insulin is associated with cancer,
everything. Insulin should be tested on everybody
repeatedly, and why it is not is only strictly because
there hasn't been drugs till recently that could effect
insulin, so there is no way to make money off of it.
Fasting insulin is one way to look at it, not
necessarily the best way. But it is the way that
everybody could do it. Any family doctor can measure a
fasting insulin. There are other ways to measure insulin
sensitivity that are more complex that we do sometimes.
We use intravenous insulin and watch how rapidly their
blood sugar crashes in a fasting state in 15 minutes and
that assesses insulin sensitivity, then you give them
dextrose to make sure they don't crash any further.
There are other ways that are utilized to directly
assess insulin sensitivity, but you can get a pretty
good idea just by doing a fasting insulin. TOP ? |
Gonzalez | Kidd | Fuhrman | Reaven (Book Review) |
Cordain | Klimis-Tavantzis | McNeill | > Rosedale |
Nicholson | Sears Debate
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