Inflammation. 1993 Oct;17(5):551-61. Related Articles, Links Elevated levels of xanthine oxidase in serum of patients with inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Miesel R, Zuber M. Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany. Sera of patients with various inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases were screened for the presence of xanthine oxidase (XOD) and compared to sera from healthy donors and patients with nonrheumatic diseases including AIDS, internal diseases, and different carcinomas. Up to 50-fold higher levels of XOD were detected in rheumatic sera (P < 0.001). In addition, serum sulfhydryls (SH) were determined as sensitive markers of oxidative stress. The SH status in rheumatic patients was diminished by 45-75% (P < 0.001) and inversely correlated to the concentration of serum XOD (R = 0.73), suggesting a causal interrelation. The depletion of serum sulfhydryls by the oxyradical- producing XOD/acetaldehyde system was mimicked successfully ex vivo in human serum from healthy donors. Cortisone treatment of patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis impressively normalized elevated XOD concentrations in rheumatic sera to those of healthy controls. The participation of xanthine oxidase in the depletion of serum antioxidants in rheumatic patients is discussed in the light of substrate availability and Km values. PMID: 8225562 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ Life Sci. 2004 Feb 13;74(13):1691-700. Related Articles, Links Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by phytic acid and its antioxidative action. Muraoka S, Miura T. Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido College of Pharmacy, Katsuraoka-cho 7-1, 047-0264, Otaru, Japan We examined if phytic acid inhibits the enzymatic superoxide source xanthine oxidase (XO). Half inhibition of XO by phytic acid (IC(50)) was about 30 mM in the formation of uric acid from xanthine, but generation of the superoxide was greatly affected by phytic acid; the IC(50) was about 6 mM, indicating that the superoxide generating domain of XO is more sensitive to phytic acid. The XO activity in intestinal homogenate was also inhibited by phytic acid. However, it was not observed with intestinal homogenate that superoxide generation was more sensitive to phytic acid compared with the formation of uric acid as observed with XO from butter milk. XO-induced superoxide- dependent lipid peroxidation was inhibited by phytic acid, but not by myo-inositol. Reduction of ADP- Fe(3+) caused by XO was inhibited by superoxide dismutase, but not phytic acid. The results suggest that phytic acid interferes with the formation of ADP-iron-oxygen complexes that initiate lipid peroxidation. Both phytic acid and myo-inositol inhibited XO-induced superoxide-dependent DNA damage. Mannitol inhibited the DNA strand break. Myo-inositol may act as a hydroxyl radical scavenger. The antioxidative action of phytic acid may be due to not only inhibiting XO, but also preventing formation of ADP-iron-oxygen complexes. PMID: 14738912 [PubMed - in process] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------ Who loves ya. Tom Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com Man Is A Herbivore! http://pages.ivillage.com/ironjustice/manisaherbivore DEAD PEOPLE WALKING http://pages.ivillage.com/ironjustice/deadpeoplewalking
