I
Mapping and prediction of coal workers' pneumoconiosis with
bioavailable iron content in the bituminous coals.
Huang X, Li W, Attfield MD, Nádas A, Frenkel K, Finkelman RB
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Aug ; 113(8): 964-8
Based on the first National Study of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis (CWP)
and the U.S. Geological Survey database of coal quality, we show that
the prevalence of CWP in seven coal mine regions correlates with levels
of bioavailable iron (BAI) in the coals from that particular region
(correlation coefficient r = 0.94, p < 0.0015). CWP prevalence is also
correlated with contents of pyritic sulfur (r = 0.91, p < 0.0048) or
total iron (r = 0.85, p < 0.016) but not with coal rank (r = 0.59, p <
0.16) or silica (r = 0.28, p < 0.54). BAI was calculated using our
model, taking into account chemical interactions of pyrite, sulfuric
acid, calcite, and total iron. That is, iron present in coals can
become bioavailable by pyrite oxidation, which produces ferrous sulfate
and sulfuric acid. Calcite is the major component in coals that
neutralizes the available acid and inhibits iron's bioavailability.
Therefore, levels of BAI in the coals are determined by the available
amounts of acid after neutralization of calcite and the amount of total
iron in the coals. Using the linear fit of CWP prevalence and the
calculated BAI in the seven coal mine regions, we have derived and
mapped the pneumoconiotic potencies of 7,000 coal samples. Our studies
indicate that levels of BAI in the coals may be used to predict coal's
toxicity, even before large-scale mining. Key words: bioavailable iron,
calcite, coal, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD,
pneumoconiosis.
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bioavailable iron content in the bituminous coals.
Huang X, Li W, Attfield MD, Nádas A, Frenkel K, Finkelman RB
Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Aug ; 113(8): 964-8
Based on the first National Study of Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis (CWP)
and the U.S. Geological Survey database of coal quality, we show that
the prevalence of CWP in seven coal mine regions correlates with levels
of bioavailable iron (BAI) in the coals from that particular region
(correlation coefficient r = 0.94, p < 0.0015). CWP prevalence is also
correlated with contents of pyritic sulfur (r = 0.91, p < 0.0048) or
total iron (r = 0.85, p < 0.016) but not with coal rank (r = 0.59, p <
0.16) or silica (r = 0.28, p < 0.54). BAI was calculated using our
model, taking into account chemical interactions of pyrite, sulfuric
acid, calcite, and total iron. That is, iron present in coals can
become bioavailable by pyrite oxidation, which produces ferrous sulfate
and sulfuric acid. Calcite is the major component in coals that
neutralizes the available acid and inhibits iron's bioavailability.
Therefore, levels of BAI in the coals are determined by the available
amounts of acid after neutralization of calcite and the amount of total
iron in the coals. Using the linear fit of CWP prevalence and the
calculated BAI in the seven coal mine regions, we have derived and
mapped the pneumoconiotic potencies of 7,000 coal samples. Our studies
indicate that levels of BAI in the coals may be used to predict coal's
toxicity, even before large-scale mining. Key words: bioavailable iron,
calcite, coal, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD,
pneumoconiosis.
Abstract · PubMed · FullText · SFX · LF+ · GS · Order · Clip ·
Citation · BibTeX · Related · TouchGraph · References · Tag
tags: annotation:
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian! http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com
Man Is A Herbivore!
http://pages.ivillage.com/ironjustice/manisaherbivore
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://pages.ivillage.com/ironjustice/deadpeoplewalking