If you have ridden the bike quite a bit, and you are comfortable on it, then it probably won't do a lot of damage.
Do your feet reach the pedals? Do your hands reach the bars? Does your butt reach the saddle?
People rode bikes for decades without people on the internet to tell them the evils of riding a bike that was a centimeter too big or small for them! To deride them for riding a bike with a top tube that was obviously 0.5 cm too short.
There were decades when people rode bikes hundreds of miles without even knowing that cranks came in different lengths... They just adjusted their bikes until things felt right, and made sure their tender parts didn't get crunched. But we still all rode bikes and survived.
If you start to get any pains, or weaknesses, or inabilities to improve, then there may be some issues that you may want to address. Otherwise, enjoy your bike.
If you get to the point where you want to compete, and get a coach, your coach will guide you through all the details, until then ride... unless there is regular discomfort or pain, you are probably not hurting anything.
EDIT: To add to the confusion, read the various forums... There are people that argue vehemently that everyone they see rides bikes that are too big, and there are others that argue just as strongly that there is a conspiracy to get everyone on too small a bike.
Then there are various schools of thought on bike fit... There are bik fit calculators online, that have you measure everything including shoe size, then you have to pick between three different styles of fit, then they'll tell you frame size (seat post and top tube plus more), seat post set back, crank size, and stem length... and then tell you that it is all just a starting point.