STAGE 9: Issoire -> Saint-Flour - 208 km



steve

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Aug 12, 2001
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STAGE 9: Issoire -> Saint-Flour - 208 km This is a long stage with a very up-and-down profile particularly as it features the Pas de Peyrol and the first-ever ascent of the Col de Perthus. Except for the opening 50km, it’s just climbs and descents all of the way. It’s a real leg-breaker. And if the action really takes off then there certainly won’t be 100 riders coming in together to contest the finish.



Stage 9 Map
Stage 9 Profile
The last few Km's
General classification before stage 9 1 Thor Hushovd (Nor) Team Garmin-Cervelo 33:06:28 2 Cadel Evans (Aus) BMC Racing Team 0:00:01 3 Fränk Schleck (Lux) Leopard Trek 0:00:04 4 Andreas Klöden (Ger) Team RadioShack 0:00:10 5 Jakob Fuglsang (Den) Leopard Trek 0:00:12 6 Andy Schleck (Lux) Leopard Trek 7 Tony Martin (Ger) HTC-Highroad 0:00:13 8 Peter Velits (Svk) HTC-Highroad 9 David Millar (GBr) Team Garmin-Cervelo 0:00:19 10 Philippe Gilbert (Bel) Omega Pharma-Lotto 0:00:30
 
Stage 9 News



http://www.steephill.tv/tour-de-france/


Feillu urges calm after Hoogerland crash The Frenchman Romain Feillu on Sunday warned against knee-jerk reactions to his Vacansoleil-DCM teammate Johnny Hoogerland's collision with a France Télévision car during stage 9 of the Tour de France. Feillu urged those calling for dramatic action after the vehicle wiped out Hoogerland and Juan Antonio Flecha 36km from the finish line in Saint-Flour to remember that "motorbikes and cars are also essential in bike races". http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/feillu-urges-calm-after-hoogerland-crash Tears on the podium as TV car sends riders flying and yellow jersey contenders crash out Vacansoleil rider Hoogerland was sent into the air, somersaulting before he landed in a barbed wire fence at the side of the road while Team Sky's Flecha hit the ground at speed. The Spaniard was able to get up and continue the race almost immediately, but it took Hoogerland several minutes before continuing. A statement from Tour de France organisers ASO (Amaury Sports Organisation) said: ‘‘Following the accident which occurred at the 167km mark... involving the riders Juan Antonio Flecha and Johnny Hoogerland, vehicle Euro Media numbered 800 has been excluded from the Tour de France." http://www.smh.com.au/sport/cycling/tears-on-the-podium-as-tv-car-sends-riders-flying-and-yellow-jersey-contenders-crash-out-20110711-1h9bc.html Vinokourov out of Tour on another day of crashes Kazakh Alexandre Vinokourov was forced out of the Tour de France Sunday after being involved in a huge crash with 90 kms to go in the ninth stage from Issoire. Later in the stage, 35 kms from the finish line, a television car hit two members of the five-man breakaway at the front of the race, Spain's Juan Antonio Flecha and Dutchman Johnny Hoogerland. http://ca.reuters.com/article/sportsNews/idCATRE7691CP20110710 Voeckler takes yellow jersey after crashes mar Tour stage Frenchman Thomas Voeckler has taken the yellow jersey from Norway's Thor Hushovd after a dramatic ninth stage of the Tour de France which was marred by a series of crashes which led to two of the race favorites pulling out. Voeckler, who led the race for 10 days in 2004, finished second to Spain's Luis-Leon Sanchez at the end of the hilly 208km run from Issoire to Saint-Flour, which saw the riders tackle seven climbs in the Massif Central region. Both Voeckler and Sanchez were members of a six-man breakaway group which formed at the 50km mark after a succession of attacks. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/SPORT/07/10/cycling.tour.voeckler.crashes/ Vinokourov out of Tour after breaking leg in crash Kazakh rider Alexandre Vinokourov ended his Tour de France career in dramatic fashion, bowing out of the race that made him both hero and villain after breaking his right thighbone in a high-speed crash during a descent in Sunday's ninth stage. The 37-year-old Vinokourov's career could be over after previously saying this would be his last Tour. "I never expected such a dramatic end on the Tour de France," Vinokourov said in a statement."This is a terrible disappointment to me, I am so sad tonight." http://www.mysanantonio.com/sports/article/Vinokourov-out-of-Tour-after-breaking-leg-in-crash-1459847.php O'Grady shocked at Tour crashes Australian Stuart O'Grady mirrored the sense of disbelief and then anger that swept the peloton of the Tour de France when a day already marred by crashes was made even worse by a car from French television taking out two riders in a five-man breakaway. The 208km ninth stage from Issoire to Saint Flour was soon given its first dramatic storyline when defending champion Alberto Contador (Saxo Bank-SunGard) crashed exiting the feed station at Dienne at 81.5km after Russian Vladimir Karpets (Katusha) pushed him in what he said was a response to Contador allegedly contacting him first with his wrist. The image of Contador bouncing off and into the barriers on his left was astonishing. http://www.smh.com.au/sport/cycling/ogrady-shocked-at-tour-crashes-20110711-1h9hh.html Cyclist crashes into barbed wire fence after being hit by car in Tour de France Cyclists anticipate all number of obstacles during this three-week showcase — wet roads, extreme heat, dehydration, exhaustion, crashes. Getting sent airborne by a Tour car is not one of them. But that's what happened to the Flecha and to Johnny Hoogerland as they entered the final stretch of the 129-mile route from Issoire to Saint-Flour in the Massif Central. They were in a five-man front group that included Voeckler, Sanchez and France's Sandy Casar. http://photoblog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/07/10/7055735-cyclist-crashes-into-barbed-wire-fence-after-being-hit-by-car-in-tour-de-france Spain's Sanchez wins crash-marred Stage 9 of Tour Spanish rider Luis Leon Sanchez has won Sunday's crash-marred ninth stage of the Tour de France after forming part of a long breakaway in the mountains. Frenchman Thomas Voeckler finished second and took the overall race leader's yellow jersey from Thor Hushovd of Norway. http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2011/07/10/sports-cyc-tour-de-france_8557540.html The Tour Is Turning Into a Trail of Woe For the first time in a week, the yellow jersey changed owners on Sunday as Thomas Voeckler, a Frenchman with the Europcar team, grabbed the overall lead in the Tour de France after a race stage marred by serious tumbles, including one caused by a television crew. Voeckler, part of a breakaway group, finished second in the stage, behind Luis León Sánchez, a Spaniard with Rabobank. That was enough to allow Voeckler to take over the lead from Thor Hushovd, a Norwegian with Garmin-Cervelo, who had held the yellow jersey since Stage Two on July 3. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/11/sports/cycling/11iht-bike11.html Crazy crashes mar Stage 9: Voeckler claims yellow Brave Thomas Voeckler is the new yellow jersey holder in the 2011 Tour de France. In a dramatic hilly stage, tailor made for a strong breakaway group, Voeckler’ quest for the yellow jersey was aided by a massive spill involving the peloton on the descent of the Col du Pas de Peyro. The carnage was significant. Four riders saw their tour come to an end. Astana’s leader, Alexandre Vinokourov, missed a bend and ended up in the forest and came out with a suspected fractured femur and broken hip. http://www.theroar.com.au/2011/07/11/dramatic-crashes-mar-stage-9-voeckler-claims-yellow/ Hoogerland happy to be alive after crash in stage 9 While overtaking the leading five-man break only 36km from the finish line of stage nine at the Tour de France, a media car from 'Euro Media' hit Juan Antonio Flecha (Sky), causing the Spaniard to crash heavily. Breakaway companion Johnny Hoogerland (Vacansoleil-DCM), riding behind Flecha in the paceline, collided with the fallen Spaniard and was spectacularly launched onto a barbed wire fence along the right-hand side of the road. http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/hoogerland-happy-to-be-alive-after-crash-in-stage-9 More yellow jersey men crash out of Tour de France Belgium's Jurgen van den Broeck crashed out of the Tour de France Sunday after coming down in a mass pile-up during the ninth stage. Omega-Pharma all-rounder Van den Broeck had been hoping for a podium place or better after a promising fifth place finish last year. However despite trying to get back on his bike the Belgian, who had blood pouring out a wound on his leg and looked dazed, finally abandoned. http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iYdN30DeDoWNjtTIuBnrD8hFleAQ?docId=CNG.a51e0ccb6c8ecb11fbc3a0a97df80911.bf1 Crashes and injuries mar Tour de France stage 9 Stage 9 of the Tour de France was struck by a number of horrific accidents, with Astana's Alexandre Vinokourov being the most seriously injured, while a bizarre moment in the day's winning breakaway saw a car hit Juan Antonio Flecha (Sky) and knock Johnny Hoogerland (Vacansoleil-DCM) flying onto a barbed wire fence. Vinokourov was only one of many who went down in a crash 102km into the stage while descending the Pas de Peyrol. He and teammate Dmitriy Fofonov swerved to avoid an Omega Pharma-Lotto rider who had crashed on a turn, and as a result both Astana riders went off the road and down into a wooded ravine. http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/crashes-and-injuries-mar-tour-de-france-stage-9 Karpets and Contador diplomatic on stage 9 crash Katusha rider Vladimir Karpets on Sunday seemed to admit that he had forced Alberto Contador off the road on stage 9 of the Tour de France to Saint-Flour – only to later maintain that the clash had been an accident. Before climbing onto the Katusha team-bus beyond the finish-line in Saint-Flour, Karpets was asked whether he had caused Contador’s crash 84km into the 208km stage. The Russian told ITV reporter Matt Rendell, "Yes, yes. He hit my wrist". http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/karpets-and-contador-diplomatic-on-stage-9-crash


Rivals Contador, Schleck, Evans hold fire at Tour The attacks never came on the first mountain trek of the Tour de France, as defending champion Alberto Contador and his main rival Andy Schleck both held fire and let others contest victory during the eighth stage. There was much hype about the possibility of a first hilltop duel following a crash-marred week of nervous racing on flats roads. But with much harder climbs to follow in the Pyrenees and Alps, three-time Tour winner Contador preferred to save energy on Saturday's stage in the Massif Central, which Rui Alberto Costa held on to win after a solo breakaway. When Costa surged ahead late on the 117-mile trek from Aigurande to Super-Besse, the likes of Alexandre Vinokourov of Kazakhstan and Philippe Gilbert of Belgium tried — and failed — to chase the Portuguese rider down. http://www.seattlepi.com/sports/article/Rivals-Contador-Schleck-Evans-hold-fire-at-Tour-1458977.php Preview: Tour de France Stage 9 This stage has no fewer than seven sapping climbs - three category twos, three category threes and a category four - with none more daunting than the Pas de Peyrol (Puy Mary), which rises 1589m above sea level. There is also the Col du Perthus, which stretches 4.4km to the summit with a gradient of 8 per cent. The first of the seven major climbs comes after 43km - and then hell is unleashed on the field as they are forced to negotiate ascent after ascent. The flat opening to the stage comes to an abrupt halt after the Gorges de l’Alagnon when the peloton reaches Massiac. The spectacular Col du pas de Peyrol, the highest road pass in the Massif Central, is followed by 12km of dangerous descent before the climbing resumes, some of it on single track passages. http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/tour-de-france/preview-tour-de-france-stage-3/story-fn8s9i81-1226091063649 Van den Broeck satisfied with first week Though podium contender Jurgen Van den Broeck (Omega Pharma-Lotto) said he wasn't feeling good on Saturday he easily stood tall in the group of favourites that finished 15 seconds down on stage winner Rui Alberto Costa (Movistar). One week into the Tour de France the Belgian rider is sitting in twelfth in the general classification, 39 seconds behind leader Thor Hushovd (Garmin-Cervélo). http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/van-den-broeck-satisfied-with-first-week Stage 9 guide: Hushovd to hold on? The race continues through the Massif Central with this long 208km undulating slog which features eight lower category climbs. It's pretty much all up and down all day – and even the opening 40km flat-looking stretch is a constant slight uphill gradient. Key climbs include the second-category Col du Pas de Peyrol (7.7km at 6.2 per cent) and – for the first time in Tour history – the second-category Col du Perthus (4.4km at 7.9 per cent). http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/10072011/58/tour-de-france-stage-9-guide-hushovd-hold.html Stellar climbing keeps Hushovd in Tour de France lead Thor Hushovd (Garmin-Cervélo) retained the leader's yellow jersey after one of his best ever performances in the Tour de France. The Norwegian hung tough with the peloton over the second category climb of Col de Croix Saint-Robert and hung on during the final climb to Super Besse in the stage 8 finale, keeping his one-second general classification lead over Cadel Evans (BMC). http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/stellar-climbing-keeps-hushovd-in-tour-de-france-lead Tour de France: Life after Wiggins a test for Team Sky As their Tour de France leader Bradley Wiggins prepared for an operation tomorrow on his broken collarbone back in Britain, Team Sky's projects for their eight remaining riders in the race underwent some radical rejigging. For any team with overall ambitions, to lose their sole leader to injury or illness effectively destroys that goal in one fell swoop – and for Sky, after such a superb start, and 24 hours after Edvald Boasson Hagen had taken their first ever Tour stage win, to lose Wiggins was an exceptionally cruel blow. http://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/others/tour-de-france-life-after-wiggins-a-test-for-team-sky-2309885.html Gaining time in Pyrenees is not an obsession for Contador After a tentative move on the climb to Super-Besse on Saturday failed to yield any dividends, Alberto Contador (Saxo Bank-SunGard) has said that he is content to wait for the Tour de France’s high mountains to make inroads into his 1:42 deficit on the yellow jersey. The Spaniard also added that he is “not obsessed” with regaining time as quickly as possible when the race enters the Pyrenees on Thursday, pointing out that there is still a gruelling final week in the Alps to come. http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/gaining-time-in-pyrenees-is-not-an-obsession-for-contador Tour de France 2011: Thor Hushovd blames the wind for surge in spills The butcher's bill at the end of the first week of the Tour de France is always heavy. There are claims that the 2011 Tour has been worse than most. In fact, similar things were said about the 1996 and 1997 races, when there were crashes galore, and about the Tours of 2003 and 2004, when there were spectacular pile-ups in finish sprints. http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2011/jul/09/tour-de-france-2011-crashes Gilbert moves back into green at Super-Besse On the category 3 climb towards the ski resort of Super-Besse in the Sancy massif, Philippe Gilbert (Omega Pharma-Lotto) showed that he's planning to keep playing a major role in the 2011 Tour de France. The Belgian champion blasted away on the final climb just as he did during his winning move on the Mont des Alouettes on stage one. Although he failed to catch stage winner Rui Costa (Movistar), he put three seconds into the peloton, which was led home by Cadel Evans (BMC), and Gilbert is now back in the green jersey. http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/gilbert-moves-back-into-green-at-super-besse Schleck brothers confident after Super-Besse showing Both Andy and Fränk Schleck (Leopard Trek) came through the first medium mountain stage intact and able to handle the accelerations of Alberto Contador (Saxo Bank). The stage saw the Spaniard launch several attacks on the climb to Super-Besse but each time he was matched by his rivals and at the finish Fränk Schleck pointed out that Saturday had been more of a psychological battle than one of pure climbing prowess. http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/schleck-brothers-confident-after-super-besse-showing Riis: there was no chance to see who was weak Saxo Bank Sungard manager Bjarne Riis declared himself happy with the outcome of stage 8 of the Tour de France despite the fact that Alberto Contador was unable to recoup any time on his nearest challengers for the yellow jersey. The finish at Super-Besse saw the Spaniard try a number of attacks, helping him rise to 20th overall, but he still lies 1:28 behind his main challenger Andy Schleck (Leopard Trek). http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/riis-there-was-no-chance-to-see-who-was-weak Gesink loses time, motivation and sight of the podium Dutch cycling star Robert Gesink (Rabobank) still hasn't recovered from the back injuries sustained during his crash on the fifth stage of this year's Tour de France, and conceded further ground on Saturday’s stage. Gesink was understandably disappointed following his performance during the Tour's first medium mountain, stage which finished on the category 3 climb to Super-Besse, as he lost 1:08 on the other general classification riders, although he remains in the white jersey of best young rider. http://www.cyclingnews.com/news/gesink-loses-time-motivation-and-sight-of-the-podium
 
That was some crash descending the Peyerol.
Vino, Jurgen Van Den Broeck, zabriskie are all out as a result of the crash.

Voeckler is part of a five man breakaway with a 7 minute advantage. If the gap can be maintained, Thomas could be in the maillot jeune tonight.
 
Incredible! Frickin' camera car taking out Flecha and Hoogerland while in the break!
Hoogerland flying into that barbed wire was wild!
 
Originally Posted by limerickman .

That was some crash descending the Peyerol.
Vino, Jurgen Van Den Broeck, zabriskie are all out as a result of the crash.

Voeckler is part of a five man breakaway with a 7 minute advantage. If the gap can be maintained, Thomas could be in the maillot jeune tonight.

Dangerous day for the riders. Did you see the camera car take out the breakaway? Hope the riders are ok, that looked pretty nasty, and I hope the driver has been removed from the race roads.
 
This years race is becoming defined by crashes. Some serious top 10 contenders are out: Brajkovic, Horner, Wiggins, VDB, Vino. Others have lost time because of crashes. Gesink looks pretty rough after his crash, wouldn't be surprised if he struggles come the mountains. David Millar was commenting after the stage finish that he thinks everyone is taking more risks these days because there's more on the line for the win and the sense of camaraderie amongst the peloton isn't what it once was. Everyone is going for the same small gap and not willing to let other riders go through first.

I was happy to see Voeckler take yellow today, he showed in 2004 he can battle to hold an advantage and although it's a smaller advantage this time he's also a lot quicker so that should be good to watch!

On the TV car incident, 1) Why was it so close to the riders anyway? The motor vehicles need to stay back, like they always have done in the past. 2) Surprised to see Hoogerland make it back on his bike, at least he's got the rest day to recover but I wouldn't be surprised if he has to drop out given how bad that crash was and how badly he was hurting on the way in to the finish. Pity, because he was riding really well in his first Tour and is always animating the race.
 
Originally Posted by Eldrack .

This years race is becoming defined by crashes. Some serious top 10 contenders are out: Brajkovic, Horner, Wiggins, VDB, Vino. Others have lost time because of crashes. Gesink looks pretty rough after his crash, wouldn't be surprised if he struggles come the mountains. David Millar was commenting after the stage finish that he thinks everyone is taking more risks these days because there's more on the line for the win and the sense of camaraderie amongst the peloton isn't what it once was. Everyone is going for the same small gap and not willing to let other riders go through first.

I was happy to see Voeckler take yellow today, he showed in 2004 he can battle to hold an advantage and although it's a smaller advantage this time he's also a lot quicker so that should be good to watch!

On the TV car incident, 1) Why was it so close to the riders anyway? The motor vehicles need to stay back, like they always have done in the past. 2) Surprised to see Hoogerland make it back on his bike, at least he's got the rest day to recover but I wouldn't be surprised if he has to drop out given how bad that crash was and how badly he was hurting on the way in to the finish. Pity, because he was riding really well in his first Tour and is always animating the race.
I'm at a loss Eldrack to try to understand what's going on.

The Vino crash happened because a rider clipped a bale of hay in front of the metal barrier on the descent of the climb according to Eurosport.

I think the David Millar comment is interesting. The was quite an animated conversation at the front of the peloton between Hushovd and Cancellara. One of them wanted the group not to stop.
Seeing Flecha and Hoogeland being thrown in to a field after the collison with the TV car is simply unacceptable.
 
Stage 9 Results 1 Luis Leon Sanchez Gil (Spa) Rabobank Cycling Team 5:27:09 2 Thomas Voeckler (Fra) Team Europcar 0:00:05 3 Sandy Casar (Fra) FDJ 0:00:13 4 Philippe Gilbert (Bel) Omega Pharma-Lotto 0:03:59 5 Peter Velits (Svk) HTC-Highroad 6 Cadel Evans (Aus) BMC Racing Team 7 Andy Schleck (Lux) Leopard Trek 8 Tony Martin (Ger) HTC-Highroad 9 Fränk Schleck (Lux) Leopard Trek 10 Damiano Cunego (Ita) Lampre - ISD ... 12 Alberto Contador Velasco (Spa) Saxo Bank Sungard 14 Samuel Sanchez Gonzalez (Spa) Euskaltel-Euskadi 21 Robert Gesink (Ned) Rabobank Cycling Team 0:04:07 22 Geraint Thomas (GBr) Sky Procycling 23 Ivan Basso (Ita) Liquigas-Cannondale 24 Andreas Klöden (Ger) Team RadioShack General classification after stage 9 1 Thomas Voeckler (Fra) Team Europcar 38:35:11 2 Luis Leon Sanchez Gil (Spa) Rabobank Cycling Team 0:01:49 3 Cadel Evans (Aus) BMC Racing Team 0:02:26 4 Fränk Schleck (Lux) Leopard Trek 0:02:29 5 Andy Schleck (Lux) Leopard Trek 0:02:37 6 Tony Martin (Ger) HTC-Highroad 0:02:38 7 Peter Velits (Svk) HTC-Highroad 8 Andreas Klöden (Ger) Team RadioShack 0:02:43 9 Philippe Gilbert (Bel) Omega Pharma-Lotto 0:02:55 10 Jakob Fuglsang (Den) Leopard Trek 0:03:08 11 Ivan Basso (Ita) Liquigas-Cannondale 0:03:36 12 Damiano Cunego (Ita) Lampre - ISD 0:03:37 13 Nicolas Roche (Irl) AG2R La Mondiale 0:03:45 14 Kevin De Weert (Bel) Quickstep Cycling Team 0:03:47 15 Robert Gesink (Ned) Rabobank Cycling Team 0:04:01 16 Alberto Contador Velasco (Spa) Saxo Bank Sungard 0:04:07 17 Thomas Danielson (USA) Team Garmin-Cervelo 0:04:22 18 Rein Taaramae (Est) Cofidis, Le Credit En Ligne 0:04:52 19 Christian Vande Velde (USA) Team Garmin-Cervelo 0:04:53 20 Samuel Sanchez Gonzalez (Spa) Euskaltel-Euskadi 0:05:01
 
Love to watch Voeckler get in yellow again, hate to see Vino out. I think this may do it for him with age and the difficulty of trying to come back. It will be interesting to see what Kloeden can do. This is only the second time he has not been a domestique.
 
Wow!

Thanks for the documentary photos.

But Albert Pujols got his wrist bent!

Seriously, if someone has had a bad fall they should be encouraged to stay down until EMTs arrive.
The EMTs will immobilize the person with a collar and move them on a back board.

Do everything possible to protect the person's position so that more harm doesn't come to them as they lay still.

If the person insists on getting up and walking under their own power,
stay near to catch them as they may soon fall and, or, re-injure themself.
But, don't move them yourself or help them move.

Movement after injury, causes as much or more damage than the initial cause.

Much tech exists now, to help recovery, so let the EM Techs use it.

Its worth missing a race, day, week, month or season in order to be able to walk or ride again.

"Clipped" a hey bale? Maybe clip has a different meaning in europe, but, to me it means to "slightly bump into".

I have been on quite a few 30+ mph descents and I can not imagine "slightly bumping into" anything.

You either descend gracefully, or, you crash. If you were to hit something as small as a pebble, your front wheel
could go out from under you and you could crash.
 
I'm fairly certain there hasn't been a TdF in recent memory where a rest day could not have come soon enough nor will it last long enough for a good many of the competitors...
 
Originally Posted by Andrija .

Johnny Hoogerland uses barbed wire as a safety net.
Chuck Norris is a sissy.
Chuck Norris just arrived at the Nikola Tesla Airport in Belgrade. Got the soonest flight he could after reading your post. My guess is, you are fracked. I hope you like smoothies and roundhouse kicks to the face.
 
Quote:
Originally Posted by Andrija .

Johnny Hoogerland uses barbed wire as a safety net.
Chuck Norris is a sissy.


an instant classic! thanks for the out loud laugh, a.
 
and weren't race radios supposed to keep the riders out of this sort of calamity?
 
Originally Posted by slovakguy .

and weren't race radios supposed to keep the riders out of this sort of calamity?

You can't believe everything you hear on the radio.
 
2 answers:

1.) Race radio is so the managers can tell riders how to ride in order to fulfill the wishes of the owners and the deals the owners worked out with each other.

2.) I'm Not Sure.
 

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