General fitness, health and nutrition · Public discussion

Vitamins

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General fitness, health and nutrition
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9 January 2006
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  1. Suggested Source
    IsoBoost: Iso means "the same". ISO Science is the science of using
    natural "isomolecules" that your body recognizes as "similar" or
    "equivalent" to your body's own nutritional needs and are instantly
    absorbed and utilized. "IsoBoost" replaces conventional vitamin /
    mineral supplementations. There are no pills or capsules to swallow.
    This is a unique all-in-one complete, liquid supplementation with
    HUNDREDS of highly absorbable ISO nutrients working synergistically
    together in a maximum absorption formula, assuring that no nutrients
    get lost on the way to your cells. *** For many of my patients who take
    literally many, many different vitamin supplements on a regular basis,
    consuming sometimes as many as 30 different vitamin and / or mineral
    pills and capsules, three times per day (90 total in a day), Iso-Boost
    was designed to replace those needs. The problem with consuming that
    many pills every day is our bodies were never designed to consume such
    a high amount of gelatin capsules, or binders that hold tablets
    together. Our stomachs were never designed to withstand taking such a
    huge amount of bulky supplements. This is a physical insult / abuse to
    your stomachs. Many of my patients who take such a huge about of
    supplements daily always complain they can no longer stand taking such
    a high amount of pills every day. This is your stomach telling you it
    has had enough! Your stomachs will begin to react by not absorbing all
    those pills and thus, most of those pills have the potential to pass
    through your bodies without being utilized! Fatigue and stomach nausea
    can follow, and usually does follow such a high abuse of supplements.
    Please, be gentler with your stomachs. Yes, there may be a few special
    / extra supplements that will need to be taken, but the normal liquid
    dose of one-ounce per day, has to potential of replacing many
    individual pills / capsules per day.
    Available from: HealthReach2000.NET
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    VITAMIN A
    Synonym: Retinol

    Discovered by: McCollum (1916), et al. (1931)

    Antagonists: Mineral Oil

    US Adult R.D.A.: 5,000 I.U/day

    Therapy Dose Range: 15,000 - 100,000 I.U. / Day

    Dietary Sources: Collards, Butternut Squash, Carrots, Beets, Greens,
    Beet Liver, Turnips, Apples, Cantaloupe, Parsley, Apricots, Broccoli.

    Tissue Stores: Liver, Fatty Tissues.

    Normal Functions: Involved in normal eyesight; Immune system response;
    Cell differentiation; Embryonic development; Helps maintain
    spermatogenesis and placental development; healthy epithelial tissue
    (the tissue that lines the body's external and internal surfaces);
    Helps maintain mucous membranes; Required in at least six different
    enzyme systems; Involved in bone growth and cartilage formation.

    Deficiency states:

    Toxicity: Large doses may cause Hypervitaminosis "A" and abnormal bone
    growth in children.

    Exceptional Needs: Patients with Diabetes and Hyperthyroid metabolism
    have problems converting the Pro- Vitamin Carotenoids; Increased
    protein intake requires increased Vitamin A.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    VITAMIN B-1
    Synonym: Thiamine

    Discovered By: Jansen & Donath (1926)

    Antagonists: Antibiotics, Alcohol

    U.S. Adult R.D.A.: 1.5 mg / Day

    Therapy Dose Range: 25 - 75 mg/day

    Dietary Source: Brewers yeast, Beef kidney, Ham, Eggs, Plums, Prunes,
    Raisins, Wheat germ, Whole grains, Legumes, rice husks, Soybean,
    Poultry, Milk.

    Tissue Stores: Heart, Liver, Kidney, and Brain tissue

    Normal Functions: Plays a major role in the conversion of protein,
    carbohydrates and fats into energy production; Plays a role in
    (Thiamin) detoxification, heart function, and the health of the nervous
    system; Acts along with Magnesium as co-enzyme cocarboxylase for
    intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates in all cells; Essential for
    functioning of nerve tissue because it participates in the synthesis of
    acetylcholine; Involved in primary steps of Krebs cycle.

    Deficiency States: Sub clinical Beriberi; Alcoholism; Dietary
    deficiency caused by increased ingestion of antagonists in tea / coffee
    - dietary deficiency leads to increased intake of refined
    carbohydrates.

    Toxicity: Oral supplementation causes few problems; Toxic effects
    noticed after I.M. injections.

    Exceptional Needs: Increased dietary carbohydrates; Pregnancy;
    Lactation; Cardiac disease; Alcoholism; Aging; Surgery; Hyperemesis
    Gravidarum; Febrile episodes; Learning disabilities.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    VITAMIN B-2
    Synonym: Riboflavin

    Discovered By: Kuhn, et al. (1933)

    Antagonists: Antibiotic;, Oral contraceptives

    U.S. Adult R.D.A.: 1.7 mg / Day

    Therapy Dose Range:

    Dietary Sources: Organ meats, milk, veal, brewers yeast, eggs,
    broccoli, nuts, seeds, poultry.

    Tissue Stores: Kidney, Heart, Liver tissue

    Normal Functions: Assists in the conversion of Tryptophan to Nicotinic
    acid, he synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids; Helps maintain mucous
    membrane linings; Regulates the Growth, Thyroid, Adrenal and Pancreatic
    hormones; Aids in total production of RBC in the body; Promotes healthy
    eyes and skin; Essential for cellular energy production; Supports
    neurotransmitter functions, healthy eyes and skin.

    Deficiency States: Personality disorders; Cheilosis; Some forms of
    dermatitis (Seborrhea); Increased light sensitivity; Decreased in
    Cataracts, some forms of anemia, hair loss and weight loss.

    Toxicity: Very low - 560 gm / kg in rats; 22 gm / kg in dogs.

    Exceptional Needs: Geriatric patients (aging); Increased intake of
    protein in diet; Liver disease.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    VITAMIN B-3
    Synonym: Nicotinic Acid, Niacin

    Discovered By: Elvehjem, et al. (1937)

    Antagonists: Alcohol, Antibiotics

    U.S. Adult R.D.A.: 14 - 20 mg/day

    Therapy Dose Range:

    Dietary Sources: Beef liver, chicken, pork, sheep, veal, peanuts,
    swordfish, tuna, halibut, milk, eggs, corn, and yeast.

    Tissue Stores: Liver, brain, and cardiac tissue

    Normal Functions: Promotes bile synthesis and the biochemical
    conversion of macronutrients; Is an active co-enzyme in the Krebs
    cycle; an active component of G.T.F.; may promote vasodilatation and
    the breakdown of abnormal lipid levels in the bloodstream.

    Deficiency States: Pellagra, certain forms of dermatitis;
    hyperlipidemia; diabetes; cancer victims and sufferers from chronic
    degenerative disease processes.

    Toxicity: Histamine flush, hyperuricemia, hepatic toxicity, glucose
    intolerance.

    Exceptional Needs: Increased serum lipids; angina pectoris, and other
    diseases with alteration of the diameter of blood vessels. Decreased
    absorption in elderly.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    NIACINAMIDE
    Synonym: Nicotinamide

    Discovered By: Elvehjem, et al. (1937)

    Antagonists: Alcohol, Antibiotics

    U.S. Adult R.D.A.: 13 - 19 mg/day

    Therapy Dose Range:

    Dietary Sources: Beef liver, Chicken, Pork, Sheep, Veal, Peanuts, Tuna,
    Halibut, Milk, Eggs, Corn and Milk. Tissue Stores: Liver, Brain, and
    Cardiac tissue.

    Normal Functions: Co-enzyme essential for the metabolism of
    macronutrients; is involved in anaerobic glycolysis and oxidative
    phosphorylation in the Krebs Cycle.

    Deficiency States: Some forms of osteoarthritis, some forms of
    neurological / psychological disease (depression, schizophrenia,
    autism, etc.); migraine headaches.

    Toxicity: May cause sedation and hepatic toxicity in large doses.

    Exceptional Needs: Chronic degenerative inflammatory disease processes;
    neurological / psychological disease; deficiencies noted in 30% of
    institutionalized elderly patients.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    VITAMIN B-5
    Synonym: Pantothenic Acid

    Discovered By: Roger Williams (1933-1934)

    Antagonists: Methyl Bromide

    U.S. Adult R.D.A.: 5 - 10 mg / Day

    Therapy Dose Range: 1500mg

    Dietary Sources: Brewers yeast, Beef, Pork, Lamb, Chicken, Liver, Eggs,
    Herring, Raw peanuts, Wheat bran, Rice, Oats, Carrots, Kale, and
    Spinach.

    Tissue Stores: Liver, Heart, and Kidney tissue.

    Normal Functions: Co-enzyme involved in macronutrient metabolism,
    especially transfer of fatty acids in and out of the mitochondria;
    breaks down uric acid into urea and ammonia; involved in adrenal
    hormone production and an active component in the first step of the
    Krebs Cycle.

    Deficiency States:

    Toxicity: Mild diarrhea noted after chronic ingestion of 10 - 20 grams
    of the calcium salt.

    Exceptional Needs: Cortisone therapy; increased physical and emotional
    stress.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    VITAMIN B-6
    Synonym: Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal Phosphate

    Discovered By: Szent - Gyorgyi, et al. (1948)

    Antagonists: Oral contraceptives, Steroids, Hydralazines

    U.S. Adult R.D.A.: 2 mg / Day

    Therapy Dose Range: 50 - 100 mg / Day

    Dietary Sources: Beef liver, Chicken, Pork, Brewers yeast, Peanuts,
    Herring, Mackerel, Salmon, Soybean, Walnuts, Bananas.

    Tissue Stores: Liver, Kidney tissue

    Normal Functions: Co-enzyme in over 60 different reactions, especially
    amino acid synthesis / catabolism / transport; Important in protein
    synthesis and the manufacture of hormones, red blood cells and enzymes;
    Plays an important role in hormone regulation, brain function, skin
    health and is crucial for a healthy immune system; Promotes normal
    health of the adrenal cortex and the entire nervous system; Regulates
    acetylcholine production; Involved in tryptophan to niacin conversion.

    Deficiency States: Certain hypochromic anemias; Newborn convulsions /
    seizures; Possibly deficient in patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
    and Huntington Chorea; Important for blood glucose maintenance, immune
    system and hormone regulation.

    Toxicity: Large doses (2 - 3 grams/day) over prolonged periods may
    cause neurological abnormalities.

    Exceptional Needs: Pregnancy; Infancy; Lactation; Patients on oral
    contraceptives; Cortisone; Increased protein in diet; Decreased
    absorption in the elderly increases requirements of "B-6".
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    VITAMIN B-12
    Synonym: Cobalamin

    Discovered By: Rickes, et al., Smith & Parker (1948)

    Antagonists: ASA (aspirin), Codeine, Oral Contraceptives, NeoMycin

    U.S. Adult R.D.A.: 3 - 5 mcg / Day

    Therapy Dose Range: 500 - 1000 mcg / Day

    Dietary Sources: Liver, Alfalfa, Spinach, Kidney, Pork, Beef, Veal, Egg
    yolk, Crab, Salmon, Sardines, Herring, Oysters and Clams.

    Tissue Stores: 50% to 90% in Liver Tissue

    Normal Functions: Co-enzyme in 3 different systems that carry out 11
    key conversions in the liver; with Folic Acid regulates the productions
    of RNA, DNA, WBC's, RBC's and Choline / Methionine synthesis. Maintains
    the Myelin Sheath around Central Nervous System Structures Plays a role
    in the processing of carbohydrates, protein and fat in the body.

    Deficiency States: Pernicious Anemia; Chronic allergic conditions; some
    neurological disorders.

    Toxicity: Allergic reactions may occur with high doses.

    Exceptional Needs: Pregnancy; Lactation; Patients on hormones and birth
    control pills; Parasitic infections; Vegetarian diets lack adequate
    "B-12" for maintenance levels.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    VITAMIN B-15
    Synonym: Pangamic Acid, Pangamate

    Discovered By: Krebs (1951)

    Antagonists: None identified

    U.S. Adult R.D.A.: 5 - 25 mg / Day

    Therapy Dose Range: 125 - 250 mg / Day

    Dietary Sources: Brewers yeast, Organ meats, Whole grains, apricot
    pits, Liver, Bran, Rice.

    Tissue Stores: Muscle Tissue

    Normal Functions: Co- enzyme involved in respiratory protein synthesis
    and the regulation of Steroid hormones; Increases oxygen to tissues;
    Helps detoxify pollutants; Increases WBC activity while increasing
    normal cellular lifespan.

    Deficiency States: No physiologic deficiencies have been identified,
    although there are some questions of subnormal levels in Hypoxic
    conditions

    Toxicity: Possible Mutagenicity at 50,000 to 100,000 times the
    recommended dosages

    Exceptional Needs: May help to reduce the Lactic Acidosis caused by
    strenuous physical activity, possibly in Ischemic Cardiac Disease and
    other conditions of hypoxia
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    BIOFLAVONOIDS
    Synonym: Vitamin "P", Flavones, Flavanols

    Discovered By: Szent - Gyorgyi (1936)

    Antagonists: None identified

    U.S. Adult R.D.A.: None established

    Therapy Dose Range: None established

    Dietary Sources: Green peppers, Tomatoes, Apricots, Rhubarb, Pulp-rind
    of citrus fruits.

    Tissue Stores: Unknown

    Normal Functions: Helps support the integrity of blood vessel walls
    (capillary integrity); Decreases RBC aggregation; Prevention of
    stillbirth or neonatal death due to erythroblastosis; May decrease the
    incidence of cold sores due to herpes virus.

    Deficiency States: Edema; Vascular / Capillary hemorrhage; Varicose
    veins; Increased fluid retention associated with menstrual cycle.

    Toxicity: None noted

    Exceptional Needs: Easy bruising; Increased fluid retention; Menses;
    Viral infections.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    BIOTIN
    Synonym: Vitamin "H" Discovered By: Kogi (1948)

    Antagonists: Antibiotics, Sulfonamides

    U.S. Adult R.D.A.: 300 mcg / Day

    Therapy Dose Range: 300 - 1000 mcg / Day

    Dietary Sources: Yeast, Pork, Liver, Wheat, Corn, Salmon, Mushrooms,
    Chicken, Egg, Tomatoes, Rice, Soybeans, Wheat bran, Peanuts.

    Tissue Stores: Heart, Skin, Muscle and Fatty tissue

    Normal Functions: Essential Co-enzyme for a key enzyme called
    Acetyl-Co-A-Carboxylase, as well as 8 other enzymes that convert Fatty
    Acids; Maintenance of normal nervous tissue, skin, hair, blood cells
    and sex organs, also in blood glucose maintenance.

    Deficiency States: Seborrhea; Skin dryness/atrophy; Graying of mucus
    membranes; Depression; Lassitude; Muscle pain; Anorexia; possibly
    deficient in Ischemic Cardiac Disease, Uremia and Diabetes, because of
    abnormalities in protein metabolism.

    Toxicity: Minimal toxicity; 5 - 10 mg injected daily has no measurable
    toxic effect in infants.

    Exceptional Needs: High doses of antibiotics; increased ingestion of
    Avidin (raw egg white); patients taking Dilantin and also in patients
    with chronic protozoan infections.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    BORON
    Synonym:

    Antagonists:

    U.S. Adult R.D.A.: 1 - 2 mg / Day

    Therapy Dose Range: 2 - 3 / Day

    Dietary Sources: Fruits (Apples, Grapes, Peaches), Broccoli, Carrots,
    green beans, Legumes, and Lettuce.

    Tissue Stores: Brain

    Normal Functions: Aids in Calcium absorption; Aids in the synthesis of
    Estrogen and other Steroid hormones.

    Deficiency States: Osteoporosis; Childhood bone growth; Menopause

    Toxicity: Inhibits Xanthene Oxidase, Alkaline Phosphatase and other
    oxidase systems; Increased intake may cause Testicular atrophy

    Exceptional Needs: Menopausal women; Osteoporosis
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    VITAMIN C
    Synonym: Ascorbic Acid, Ascorbate

    Discovered By: Zilva, et al. (1917); Szeni, et al. (1932)

    Antagonists: ASA (aspirin), Anticoagulants, Diuretics, Steroids, Sulfa

    U.S. Adult R.D.A.: 60 mg / Day

    Therapy Dose Range: 2,000 - 5,000 mg / Day

    Dietary Sources: Green peppers, Parsley, Guava, Broccoli, Brussel
    sprouts, Strawberries, Citrus fruit, Rosehips, Cranberries, Tomatoes,
    and Cabbage.

    Tissue Stores: Adrenal, Pituitary, Corpus Luteum tissue

    Normal Functions: Maintains and repairs connective tissue and,
    cartilage: Promotes synthesis of Adrenal hormones, Serotonin and
    Norepinephrine; Aids in healing wounds, and maintenance of capillary
    fragility; Promotes iron absorption; Helps maintain cholesterol
    balance; Supports immune system; Essential for the formation and
    maintenance of collagen (a protein that forms the basis for connective
    tissue): Plays a role in healthy gums, skin and vision.

    Deficiency States: Impaired intake, metabolism and utilization; Chronic
    bruising; Chronic adrenal fatigue; Chronic immune system deficiency;
    Chronic allergic phenomena; Maintains efficiency of WBC activity.

    Toxicity: Increased intake of vitamin "C" may lead to iron overload and
    copper deficiency.

    Exceptional Needs: Acute / Chronic infections; Toxic overload system of
    drugs, pollution, or alcohol; Post hospitalization and neonatal rebound
    scurvy; Requirements increased in cigarette smokers.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    CARNITINE
    Synonym: Vitamin "Bt"

    Discovered By: Franckel (1947)

    Antagonists: None identified

    U.S. Adult R.D.A.: None established

    Therapy Dose Range: 250 - 1,000 mg / Day

    Dietary Sources: Muscle meats, Milk, Liver, Yeast

    Tissue Stores: Liver and Kidney tissues

    Normal Functions: Helps transport Fatty Acids across the inner
    Mitochondrial membrane where they can be broken down.

    Deficiency States: Lipid storage diseases, Diabetes, Muscular
    dystrophy, and Hyperthyroidism.

    Toxicity: None noted.

    Exceptional Needs: Diabetes Mellitus, Pregnancy, Fasting conditions and
    strenuous physical exertion.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    CHOLINE
    Synonym: None

    Discovered By: Unknown

    Antagonists: None specified

    U.S. Adult R.D.A.: None established

    Therapy Dose Range: 3 - 4 Gm / Day

    Dietary Sources: Beef liver, Brewers Yeast, Egg yolk, Wheat germ,
    Lecithin, Peanuts, Legumes.

    Tissue Stores: Liver, Kidney and Fatty tissues.

    Normal Functions: Synthesis of Fatty Acids; Required for the synthesis
    of Acetylcholine; Substitute of phospholipids in cell membranes;
    Promotes metabolism of fatty deposits in the liver.

    Deficiency States: Plays a role as a lipotropic nutrient by aiding in
    the production and transport of fats from the liver; Supports nerve and
    brain function; Renal hemorrhage; Cirrhosis; Chronic hepatitis;
    Possibly decreased in some forms of chronic senility.

    Toxicity: High doses may cause dizziness, nausea, diarrhea and fishy
    odor in some patients.

    Exceptional Needs: Hypercholesterolemia; Liver disease; Alcoholism
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    VITAMIN D
    Synonym: Calciferol, Cholecalciferol, and Ergocalciferol

    Discovered By: Askew, et al. (1931)

    Antagonists: Cortisone, Diuretics, Dilantin, and Mineral Oil

    U.S. Adult R.D.A.: 200 - 400 I.U. / Day

    Therapy Dose Range: 800 - 1,200 I.U. / Day

    Dietary Sources: Fish liver oils (Cod / Halibut); Egg yolk; Yeast;
    Shrimp, Salmon, Tuna, Beef, Pork and Lamb livers.

    Tissue Stores: Liver, Skin, and Fatty tissues.

    Normal Functions: Maintenance of Plasma Calcium homeostasis in
    conjunction with Parathyroid hormone; therefore is essential for bone
    growth and development by regulating the absorption and use of calcium
    and phosphorus; Aids in the formation of normal bones and teeth; Plays
    a role in healthy immune function.

    Deficiency States: Rickets in children; Osteoporosis / Osteomalacia in
    adults.

    Toxicity: High doses may cause Hypercalcaemia with secondary soft
    tissue calcifications.

    Exceptional Needs: Pregnancy; Absence of sunlight; Decreased Vitamin D
    enhances the absorption of heavy metals like Lead, Cadmium, and
    Mercury. Elderly have decreased dietary intake.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    VITAMIN E
    Synonym: Tocopherol

    Discovered By: Evans & Bishop (1922); Fernholz (1938)

    Antagonists: Oral contraceptives; Thyroid; Mineral oil.

    U.S. Adult R.D.A.: 30 I.U. / Day

    Therapy Dose Range: 200 - 800 I.U. / Day

    Dietary Sources: Asparagus, Broccoli, Cabbage, Chocolate, Vegetable
    oils, Peanuts, Wheat germ, Whole grains, Yeast.

    Tissue Stores: Muscle, Liver, and Fatty tissues.

    Normal Functions: Primarily as an antioxidant - prevents oxidation and
    peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid units of membrane
    phospholipids; Suppression of fecal mutagens; Extends cell mitosis from
    normal 50 divisions to 100 to 110 and more divisions. Protects the
    health and function of he nervous system and supports healthy skin.

    Deficiency States: Muscular dystrophies; Certain forms of anemias;
    Decreased gastrointestinal absorption; Reproductive failure.

    Toxicity: High doses may cause G.I. disturbances, Hypertension, and
    decreased insulin needs.

    Exceptional Needs: Increased with high polyunsaturated fat intake;
    Pregnancy; Lactation; Male infertility; Increased exposure to free
    radicals; Premature infants; Severe burns.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FOLIC ACID
    Synonym: Folicin, Folate

    Discovered By: Stokstad; P. Feffner, et al. (1943)

    Antagonists: Oral contraceptives, Metotrexate, Sulfonamides

    U.S. Adult R.D.A.: 400 mcg / Day

    Therapy Dose Range: 250 - 1000 mcg/day / Day

    Dietary Sources: Kidney, Liver, Beef Heart, Lamb, Pork, Chicken
    Asparagus, Tuna, Yeast, Alfalfa, Spinach, Whole grains, Beans (Navy,
    Lentil).

    Tissue Stores: Liver tissue.

    Normal Functions: Acts as a co-enzyme in the synthesis of DNA / RNA,
    and Choline, and is important in the synthesis of essential amino
    acids. Regulates cell division and the transfer of inherited traits
    from one cell to another. Supports healthy gums, RBC, skin,
    gastrointestinal tract and immune system.

    Deficiency States: Caused by decreased intake, absorption, and
    metabolism; Some forms of Megaloblastic anemias; B-12 deficiency;
    Patients on birth control pills; Liver disease; Chronic diarrhea;
    Weight loss.

    Toxicity: Doses above 100mcg obscure (mask) the symptoms of Pernicious
    Anemia (caused from a lack of Vitamin B-12).

    Exceptional Needs: Pregnancy; Alcoholism; Drugs such as Dilantin,
    Barbiturates and the chemotherapeutics (Methotrexate & Aminopterin);
    Hemolytic anemias.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    VITAMIN K
    Synonym: Coagulation vitamin

    Discovered By: Dam (1929), Doisy (1935)

    Antagonists: Oral Contraceptives, Antibiotics, and ASA (aspirin)

    U.S. Adult R.D.A.: None established

    Therapy Dose Range: 1 - 2 mg / Day

    Dietary Sources: Green leafy vegetables, Beef, Pork, Peas, Cauliflower,
    Tomatoes, Alfalfa, Oats, Soybeans, Cabbage, Eggs, Cheese, and Wheat
    germ.

    Tissue Stores: Liver and Fatty tissues

    Normal Functions: Important co-factor for enzymes that catalyze protein
    / calcium binding in the synthesis of protein clotting factors
    (prothrombin); Functions as a liver co-enzyme required for energy
    metabolism; Aids in the production of bone matrix to bind calcium in
    bone.

    Deficiency States: Hypothrombinemia; Hemorrhagic episodes; Sub-clinical
    deficiencies during pregnancy and in the newborn are common;
    Osteoporosis

    Toxicity: Thromboembolic phenomena has been identified with over
    zealous intravenous therapy.

    Exceptional Needs: Newborn infants; Pancreatic insufficiency; Patients
    with hepatitis or poor intestinal absorption; Gall bladder disease; Fad
    diets, Pregnancy, and Osteoporosis.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    PARA AMINOBENZOIC ACID
    Synonym: PABA

    Discovered By: Unknown

    Antagonists: None

    U.S. Adult R.D.A.: None established

    Therapy Dose Range: None established

    Dietary Sources: Brewers Yeast, Wheat germ, Yogurt, Fruit.

    Tissue Stores: Adrenal, Liver, and Skin tissues.

    Normal Functions: Prevention of skin cancers, sunburn, graying of the
    hair; Essential for Folic Acid metabolism by the intestinal bacteria;
    Essential co-enzyme in the metabolism of proteins and the formations of
    RBC's

    Deficiency States: None noted.

    Toxicity: Excessive intake may cause hypertension, anxiety spells and
    digestive disorders.

    Exceptional Needs: None noted.
    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    DISCLAIMER This information is provided for Educational Purposes Only
    and has NOT been designed to diagnose, treat or cure any health
    conditions. Please consult a qualified Health Care Professional with
    Nutritional Training to diagnose your health conditions and avoid
    self-diagnosis. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration have not
    evaluated statements about these health topics or any suggested product
    compositions.

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