I live in quite hilly country and love to ride alpine passes. Years of rowing have left me able to grind heavy gears but my legs give out at high RPMS.
I'm just about to buy a new race bike. The one I'm looking at comes with Ultegra 2x10 or 2x10 compact or standard. All are the same price.
How do I know what to go for?
Is it reasonable or sensible to consider a second rear wheel for flat work or touring? That is what I have for my mountain bike.
I too live in a relatively hilly area (Seattle/Puget Sound region) and I started with a triple Ultegra on my Orbea and then went to a Shimano compact crank using the 11/25 for the rear when I purchased my C50. The compact works great with that setup and gives you that "extra" when the hill turns up. You will not be disappointed.
As a side bar, if you learn how to pedal at a higher rpm it will save you on those long rides. It just takes a some winter spinning to retrain those legs.
I've also gone for the triple 3,10 from Ultegra to start off with. It goes easy enough for me to start training the legs to move faster. The bike I wanted only came with a 12-27 on the back but I'll change that for an 11-25.