Different types of exercise affect fat and sugar metabolism
differently.
http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/national/AP-FIT-Exercise-UpsDowns.html
Downhill Exercise May Be a Good Thing
By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Published: January 7, 2005
NEW ORLEANS (AP) -- If exercise is too much of an uphill battle, you
may
want to try the downside. A novel study of hikers in the Alps made the
intriguing discovery that different types of exercise had different
effects on fats and sugars in the blood.
Going uphill cleared fats from the blood faster, going downhill reduced
blood sugar more, and hiking either way lowered bad cholesterol.
Both types of hiking are beneficial, but one may help diabetics more
than the other, said Dr. Heinz Drexel of the Academic Teaching Hospital
of Feldkirch, Austria, who reported the research at a recent American
Heart Association conference in New Orleans.
His was a most unusual study, involving steep mountains and lifts at a
ski resort.
``If you think about this in practical terms, it's pretty hard to
imagine how any human being could just go one way and get back to where
they started unless they happen to live near a cable car, which was
used
in this study,'' said Dr. Raymond Gibbons, a cardiologist at the Mayo
Clinic in Rochester, Minn., who had no role in the research.
Still, Dr. Gerald Fletcher, a cardiologist at the Mayo Clinic in
Jacksonville, Fla., said the findings could be applied in the real
world: People who work in office buildings, for example, could take the
stairs one way and the elevator the other, depending on what their
exercise goals were.
Hiking uphill is concentric exercise, where muscles are shortened,
which
happens when you bend your arm or step upward. Going downhill is
eccentric muscle work, such as extending your arm or actively resisting
stretching, which happens when you step down.
The Austrian researchers tested both forms of exercise on 45 healthy
people who normally exercised very little. For the study, the
participants took three to five hourlong hikes each week. For two
months
they hiked uphill and rode the ski lift down. The next two months they
took the lift up and hiked down.
Their blood sugar and cholesterol levels were checked before the study
started and after each two-month exercise segment. They also were given
tests to see how quickly and well their blood removed fats and sugar
after each exercise phase.
The hikers made no changes in their diets, so that the effects of the
exercise could be isolated.
The researchers were surprised to find that hiking downhill removed
blood sugars and improved glucose tolerance, while uphill hiking mostly
improved levels of fats called triglycerides.
This could be good news for diabetics, who often have trouble with
concentric and many types of aerobic exercise, Drexel said. They may be
better able to tolerate downhill hiking, and may get more out of it,
too. It also might be a good way for people who do not exercise now to
get started, Drexel suggested.
One problem with going downhill a lot is pressure on the knees.
Fletcher
said more gyms need exercise machines that work downhill muscles
without
stressing knees.