There are three bikes in our hallway. Recently I spotted ball bearings on the floor, but I can't tell which bike they came from. What parts of bikes contain ball bearings? Is it the crank & the wheel axels? Or are there others? What signs should I look for that there might be a breach/crack on a significant part?
How big are the bearings and how old are the bikes? Most bikes have sealed bearings these days. If the bearings are smaller than 1/4", around 3/16" or so, they most likely came from the headset or the pedals. If they are 1/4", they are probably from a wheel or bottom bracket. If they are really small, they may be from a freewheel or freehub.
It is doubtful that they are from the bike unless someone has been doing bike maintenance in the hall. Cup and cone bearings, when installed correctly, cannot just fall out on their own.
If you have a breach or a crack big enough for the balls to come out, you will be able to see it. The first thing that I would do is start looking for loose parts, such as a loose headset or loose bottom bracket. If someting is loose enough, it is conceivable that the bearing could have come out there.