zaku said:1) can we just directly change a crank triple to a double without any other modification? does a short cage is absolutely needed? and shifter or front derailleur mod?
Depends on whether you are buying a new crank, or just taking off the inner ring, but an RD +/- FD change, are not essential.
zaku said:
2) if the crank is said for 10 speed, what's the difference if we use it for 9 speed?? 😕 😕
None. The 10s rings *may* be marginally thinner, but not so much so that it will not work with a 9s setup.
If you have shifting problems using 10sp rings on a 9sp chain, stick some 0.6mm chainring spacers between the inner ring and crank spider, but you should be okay.
zaku said:
3) does the bottom bracket needs to be changed altogether with the crank?
Depends on what you're using (external vs. octalink/ISIS/square). If running an external BB, then no chance is necessary.
If you have a cartridge BB, then if you want a budget conversion, its not essential. If you want the narrower q-factor, then you'll need to switch to a shorter spindle BB.
HTH,
n