When designing road cycling intervals for boosting time trial power and stamina, what are some of the most effective protocols for increasing Functional Threshold Power (FTP) and improving muscular endurance, particularly in the context of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and longer, more sustained efforts?
Are there specific interval structures or work-to-rest ratios that have proven particularly beneficial for time trial training, and are there any considerations for incorporating strength training or hill sprints to augment the benefits of interval work?
How should one balance the need to push high intensities in interval training with the risk of overreaching or overtraining, particularly during periods of high-volume training?
Are there any emerging trends or research findings in the field of interval training for road cycling that could inform the design of more effective time trial training programs?
What role does periodization play in structuring a training program that incorporates interval training, and how often should athletes seek to reassess and adjust their training protocols to avoid plateaus and maintain progress?