"Larry Hoover" <[email hidden]> wrote in message
"]news:[email hidden]...
Quoted message said:
Has the villain been unmasked?
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 May;79(5):774-9. Related
Articles, Links
Comment in:
a.. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 May;79(5):711-2.
Increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and the
epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the United States: an
ecologic assessment.
Gross LS, Li L, Ford ES, Liu S.
Inter-Medic Medical Group, 2630 Bobcat Village Center
Road, North Port, FL 34288, USA. [email hidden]
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is an epidemic that is
affecting an ever-increasing proportion of the US
population. Although consumption of refined carbohydrates
has increased and is thought to be related to the
increased risk of type 2 diabetes, the ecologic effect of
changes in the quality of carbohydrates in the food supply
on the risk of type 2 diabetes remains to be quantified.
OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine the correlation
between consumption of refined carbohydrates and the
prevalence
Quoted message said:of type 2 diabetes in the United States. METHODS: In this
ecologic correlation study, the per capita nutrient
consumption in the United
States
Quoted message said:between 1909 and 1997 obtained from the US Department of
Agriculture was compared with the prevalence of type 2
diabetes obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. RESULTS: In a univariate analysis, a
significant correlation with diabetes prevalence was
observed for dietary fat (r = 0.84, P < 0.001),
carbohydrate (r = 0.55, P < 0.001), protein (r
=
Quoted message said:.71, P < 0.001), fiber (r = 0.16, P = 0.03), corn syrup (r
= 0.83, P < .001), and total energy (r = 0.75, P < 0.001)
intakes. In a multivariate nutrient-density model, in
which total energy intake was accounted for,
corn
Quoted message said:syrup was positively associated with the prevalence of
type 2 diabetes
(beta
Quoted message said:= .0132, P = 0.038). Fiber (beta = -13.86, P < 0.01) was
= negatively
associated with the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. In
contrast, protein (P
=
Quoted message said:.084) and fat (P = 0.79) were not associated with the
prevalence of type
2
Quoted message said:diabetes when total energy was controlled for.
CONCLUSIONS: Increasing intakes of refined carbohydrate
(corn syrup) concomitant with decreasing intakes of fiber
paralleled the upward trend in the prevalence of type 2
diabetes observed in the United States during the 20th
century.
Good one, Larry. The contrast below is worth noting.
*****
tinyurl.com22wxfOpen ↗
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004 May 19 [Epub ahead of print] Related
Articles, Links
Cereal grains, legumes and diabetes.
Venn BJ, Mann JI. 1Department of Human Nutrition, University
of Otago, New Zealand.
This review examines the evidence for the role of whole
grain foods and legumes in the aetiology and management of
diabetes. MedLine and SilverPlatter ('Nutrition' and 'Food
Science FSTA'😉 databases were searched to identify
epidemiological and experimental studies relating to the
effects of whole grain foods and legumes on indicators of
carbohydrate metabolism. Epidemiological studies strongly
support the suggestion that high intakes of whole grain
foods protect against the development of type II diabetes
mellitus (T2DM). People who consume approximately 3 servings
per day of whole grain foods are less likely to develop T2DM
than low consumers (<3 servings per week) with a risk
reduction in the order of 20-30%. The role of legumes in the
prevention of diabetes is less clear, possibly because of
the relatively low intake of leguminous foods in the
populations studied. However, legumes share several
qualities with whole grains of potential benefit to
glycaemic control including slow release carbohydrate and a
high fibre content. A substantial increase in dietary intake
of legumes as replacement food for more rapidly digested
carbohydrate might therefore be expected to improve
glycaemic control and thus reduce incident diabetes. This is
consistent with the results of dietary intervention studies
that have found improvements in glycaemic control after
increasing the dietary intake of whole grain foods, legumes,
vegetables and fruit. The benefit has been attributed to an
increase in soluble fibre intake. However, prospective
studies have found that soluble fibre intake is not
associated with a lower incidence of T2DM. On the contrary,
it is cereal fibre that is largely insoluble that is
associated with a reduced risk of developing T2DM. Despite
this, the addition of wheat bran to the diets of diabetic
people has not improved indicators of glycaemic control.
These apparently contradictory findings might be explained
by metabolic studies that have indicated improvement in
glucose handling is associated with the intact structure of
food. For both grains and legumes, fine grinding disrupts
cell structures and renders starch more readily accessible
for digestion. The extent to which the intact structure of
grains and legumes or the composition of foods in terms of
dietary fibre and other constituents contribute to the
beneficial effect remains to be quantified. Other mechanisms
to help explain improvements in glycaemic control when
consuming whole grains and legumes relate to cooking, type
of starch, satiety and nutrient retention. Thus, there is
strong evidence to suggest that eating a variety of whole
grain foods and legumes is beneficial in the prevention and
management of diabetes. This is compatible with advice from
around the world that recommends consumption of a wide range
of carbohydrate foods from cereals, vegetables, legumes and
fruits both for the general population and for people with
diabetes.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition advance
online publication, 19 May 2004; doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601995
PMID: 15162131 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
