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Breathing Patterns for Same Cadence Running

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28 November 2005
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Ozzie Gontang
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  1. Posted a few time over the years.

    The various breathing patterns you can use while running at cadence.

    The longer breath cycles are when you're running slow and working on a faster cadence. When you get up to faster speeds because you're falling faster and covering more ground at the same cadence you have to breathe more cycles of air per x number of steps.

    In health and on the run,

    Ozzie Gontang
    [email hidden]
    Maintainer - rec.running FAQ
    http://www.faqs.org/faqs/by-newsgroup/rec/rec.running.html
    Director, San Diego Marathon Clinic, est. 1975

    Mindful Running http://www.mindfulness.com/mr.asp

    If you can grasp the wisdom contained here, you'll realize that it's GAPO at it's best.

    Path: electriciti.com!gontang
    From: [email hidden] (Ozzie Gontang)
    Newsgroups: rec.running
    Subject: Re: breathing method while running
    Date: Mon, 16 Feb 1998 01:22:19 -0800
    Organization: Int'l Assn of Marathoners

    In article said:

    I would appreciate any hints on the best way to breathe while jogging .

    This post scrolled off a few days ago:

    In article said:

    [email hidden] (Stan Scott) wrote:\

    Quoted message said:

    Do long distance runners use any type of breating control? Like Long
    deep breaths? Or is it just best to breath naturally? >Stan

    Just try to breath naturally.
    Try breathing through your nose only. When you are used to it you
    breathe as if sitting on your couch. Rob

    Next to proper running form and style and an integral part of proper
    running is breathing and the rhythms of breath.

    Once good running form is achieved one can keep the same cadence and be
    running 30 seconds to 2+ minutes a mile faster. The issue is getting the
    leg through its cycle to touch the ground maintaining the same cadence.
    This is where the concept of running is falling and catching oneself
    gracefully.

    To that end, breathing becomes the next important factor in maintaining an
    oxygen uptake to support the increased speed while maintaining the same
    cadence turnover.

    This is where I teach breathing at slower speeds to a 4 steps in and 4 to 8
    steps out. The idea is that I am never panicked and that my breathing
    sequences are always enough to sustain the rate of turnover...which
    maintains at the same cadence be it a 9 or 10 minute mile or a 5 minute or
    better mile.

    So running slow, I do a 4 in and 6 or 8..
    Then as I need more air I go to a
    4in/8out; 1 cycle of air every 12 steps 2 cycles of air every 24 steps
    4in/7out; 1 cycle of air every 11 steps
    4in/6out; 1 cycle of air every 10 steps
    4in/5out; 1 cycle of air every 9 steps
    4in/4out; 1 cycle of air every 8 steps 3 cycles of air every 24 steps
    3in/4out; 1 cycle of air every 7 steps
    3in/3out; 1 cycle of air every 6 steps 4 cycles of air every 24 steps
    2in/3out; 1 cycle of air every 5 steps
    2in/2out; 1 cycle of air every 4 steps 6 cycles every 24 steps
    1in/2out; 1 cycle of air every 3 steps 8 cycles every 24 steps
    1in/1out/1in/1out/2in/2out 9 cycles every 24 steps
    1in/1out/1in/1out/1in/1out/1in/1out 12 cycles every 24 steps

    The ideal one goes for is the same volume at all rhythms. Remember you're always breathing though the nose even when the mouth is open...unless your nose is blocked, i.e. nasal congestion.

    All of these patterns are breathed at a rate so that the mind stays calm
    and does not let any of the body unnecessarily tighten up from a perceived
    stress beyond one's capability.

    The other aspect of breathing cycles is that an even (symmetric) breathing
    pattern, which means when the steps in & steps out total an even number,
    the runner is always running on the same foot at intake and also at exhale.

    With an odd (asymmetric) breathing pattern, which means when the steps in &
    steps out total an odd number, the runner is running off the opposite foot
    at initial intake step of each breathing cycle
    in three steps/out four steps in three steps/our four steps
    in-two-three out-two-three-four in-two-three out-two-three-four
    LFT-2 - 3---Rt -two-three-four RT-two-three Lft-two-three-four LFT-two-three...
    L 2 3 4 5 6 7 R 2 3 4 5 6 7 L 2 3...

    In animals there is a breathing pattern which is called phase locking. It
    has been photographed at high speeds in horses, cheetahs, ostriches where
    at full speed there is one pattern into which they fall. In humans, if I
    remember from the research, there were found two phase lock patterns at top
    speed. I have the research article somewhere in one of my files. I'll
    see if I can dig it up.

    So you can see if you breath 2in/2out all the time and we speed up you can
    only continue to do what you do. You only get 6 cycles of air every 24
    steps. Whereas I can pick up the speed and get 8 cycles or even 9 cycles
    of air every 24 steps...and if I practice I can get 10 or 12 cycles every
    24 steps.

    You may begin to realize that running a marathon during the later part of
    the run from 15 onwards is a matter of running in a trance state. It is
    through these breathing patterns I have taught people to play with the
    rhythms of their breath to keep on going. So for someone whose muscles are
    glycogen depleted I need to maintain the same running pace but increase the
    amount of oxygen to those muscles...and that is where the breathing
    patterns come in.

    Some people begin to realize the power of rhythm. When I run with a
    partner and we are doing symmetric breathing of 2in/2out or 3in/3out or
    4in/4out, I do reciprocal breathing so that after 3 or 4 minutes as they
    breathe out I am breathing in and as they breathe in I am breathing out.
    The sound can be heard and the experience is that the other person's out
    breath is breathing me and on the next cycle mine his/hers.

    Eyes on the horizon, breathing reciprocally with my partner, the miles
    covered in trance are an experience to remember.

    When into the breathing and at different breathing patterns both symmetric
    and asymmetric and some being reciprocal, the breathing patterns of 3 or 4
    or 5 of us mixed with the foot touch (rather than foot fall)can carry a
    group of runners easily for miles where the mind scans the body to relax
    any tension as it arises and lets it go...going back to the sound of the
    feet running together and the breathe of the pack. If you've seen Stomp you know the power of rhythm!

    --
    In health and on the run,
    Ozzie Gontang
    Maintainer - rec.running FAQ
    Director, San Diego Marathon Clinic, est. 1975
    (Mindful Running) http://www.mindfulness.com

  2. Ozzie Gontang said:

    The various breathing patterns you can use while running at cadence.

    I've been reading about these breathing patterns for years. I've tried
    them, but they never seemed right. Maybe I need to give it more time.
    I've always felt that it wasn't right to have to think so hard about
    something that should be natural.

    --
    Phil M.

  3. Phil M. said:

    I've always felt that it wasn't right to have to think so hard
    about something that should be natural.

    Thus far I'm with you, Phil. The fact that so many of my animal
    brethren adopt these patterns, presumably without thinking too hard
    about them, would seem to argue against the need for my conscious
    intervention - unless it's necessary to counteract some other ill which
    has snuck in via human consciousness or modern lifestyle or whatever.

    But I'm not feeling very hardcore unwavering absolutist on this one and
    won't be entirely shocked to some day join the believers.

    OTOH I do believe, for instance, that many (<-- cop-out word) of us can
    benefit from attention to running form, despite running being such a
    "natural" activity and the body's myriad automatic adjustments et
    cetera, all of which convinces some folks that it's best to let the
    body do what it wants, and apparently that anything we consciously do
    about form can only screw us up.

    Pendejo, breathing agnostic

  4. "Phil M." <[email hidden]> wrote in message
    news:[email hidden]...

    Quoted message said:
    Ozzie Gontang said:

    The various breathing patterns you can use while running at cadence.

    I've been reading about these breathing patterns for years. I've tried
    them, but they never seemed right. Maybe I need to give it more time.
    I've always felt that it wasn't right to have to think so hard about
    something that should be natural.

    I suppose for someone lacking experience, it may help to focus on
    breathing as an indirect means to achieving relaxation and efficiency.
    Maybe it means more during a marathon than it does the 10ks and 10milers
    that my experience is based on.
    Personally, I think it's getting away from the job of one's mind during
    a race: to push harder and stay efficient. That just means (to me) to relax
    my shoulders, relax my abdomen, adjust my torso posture, relax my hands and
    arms, relax my jaw and neck, and focus on moving faster without pushing
    harder. To remain relaxed and be able to follow the ebb and flow of pace
    during the run makes more sense to me than to focus on internal metronomes
    that don't adjust for hills, wind, packs, etc.
    Toward the end of the race, my mind is about focusing on the desired
    result - a pass, a fast finish, the top of a tough hill. To think about
    breathing is simply a very low priority.

    Dave

  5. In article <[email hidden]>,

    David Geesaman said:

    "Phil M." <[email hidden]> wrote in message
    news:[email hidden]...

    Quoted message said:
    Ozzie Gontang said:

    The various breathing patterns you can use while running at cadence.

    I've been reading about these breathing patterns for years. I've tried
    them, but they never seemed right. Maybe I need to give it more time.
    I've always felt that it wasn't right to have to think so hard about
    something that should be natural.

    I suppose for someone lacking experience, it may help to focus on
    breathing as an indirect means to achieving relaxation and efficiency.
    Maybe it means more during a marathon than it does the 10ks and 10milers
    that my experience is based on.
    Personally, I think it's getting away from the job of one's mind during
    a race: to push harder and stay efficient. That just means (to me) to relax
    my shoulders, relax my abdomen, adjust my torso posture, relax my hands and
    arms, relax my jaw and neck, and focus on moving faster without pushing
    harder. To remain relaxed and be able to follow the ebb and flow of pace
    during the run makes more sense to me than to focus on internal metronomes
    that don't adjust for hills, wind, packs, etc.
    Toward the end of the race, my mind is about focusing on the desired
    result - a pass, a fast finish, the top of a tough hill. To think about
    breathing is simply a very low priority.

    Dave

    Dave,

    My mind stays relaxed when it knows that the lungs are supplying enough
    air so that there is no oxygen debt. Part of the scanning that
    you're speaking about regarding shoulders, jaw, hands is to keep them
    relaxed because any unnecessary muscle tension requires oxygen to be
    wasted to maintain the unnecessary tension.

    For me, going up hill the mantra is: Steeper the hill, shorter the
    step. That is while I am maintaining the same posture and more than
    likely shortening my breathing cycle to stay comfortably in an aerobic
    state.

    In coordinating breathe with cadence, my cadence remains the same with
    my breath cycle shortening or lengthening as required by the increased
    or slowed speed; increased or decreased effort from up hill or even
    surface; or increased breathe because of muscle glycogen depletion.

    While it is true, I don't need to think about breathing as my body will
    breathe me depending on the exertion; I also know the power of
    controlled breath used in the shooting of guns and bows; of a yogi or
    kung fu master in quiet the body or exert extreme force.

    All I know is that I've always wanted to keep my brain from panic that I
    can create by unnecessary tension while exercising or from freaking out
    because it's going into oxygen debt as I run into an anaerobic state.

    In health and on the run,

    Ozzie Gontang
    [email hidden]
    Maintainer - rec.running FAQ
    http://www.faqs.org/faqs/by-newsgroup/rec/rec.running.html
    Director, San Diego Marathon Clinic, est. 1975

    Mindful Running http://www.mindfulness.com/mr.asp

  6. In article <[email hidden]>,

    Charlie Pendejo said:
    Phil M. said:

    I've always felt that it wasn't right to have to think so hard
    about something that should be natural.

    Thus far I'm with you, Phil. The fact that so many of my animal
    brethren adopt these patterns, presumably without thinking too hard
    about them, would seem to argue against the need for my conscious
    intervention - unless it's necessary to counteract some other ill which
    has snuck in via human consciousness or modern lifestyle or whatever.

    But I'm not feeling very hardcore unwavering absolutist on this one and
    won't be entirely shocked to some day join the believers.

    OTOH I do believe, for instance, that many (<-- cop-out word) of us can
    benefit from attention to running form, despite running being such a
    "natural" activity and the body's myriad automatic adjustments et
    cetera, all of which convinces some folks that it's best to let the
    body do what it wants, and apparently that anything we consciously do
    about form can only screw us up.

    Pendejo, breathing agnostic

    Charlie,

    When people get frightened, panic, scared, anxious, or just deep in
    thought, the tendency is for them to hold their breath or breathe very
    shallow. After 30 years of coaching runners and also doing counseling
    therapy with people, the one word I've most frequently used in "Breathe."

    For over 25 years, I've coached runners and marathoners on what I've
    considered proper running form and style: ball/heel. It's what I've
    continued to share on rec.running that it is about proper form and style.

    With the work of Romanov and his POSE Method and Danny Dreyer's
    ChiRunning, I believe that I've been joined by two others who have
    realized that what is natural isn't natural to the majority of the human
    race who are afraid of falling as seen in the way they/we walk; and then
    is translated into the way we run which is heel strike. And most
    rec.runners soon learn I can only heel strike if I am overstriding.

    What's really great is that rec.running is not about believers rather
    empiricists who see what works best and then do it. It's folklore in so
    far as when someone comes up with a better explanation, idea, concept,
    way of describing something, others may doubt it because of their own
    set thinking yet many will play with it to see if there's any validity.
    And then the Donovans, the Steves, the Georges, the Daves, the Dots, The
    Phils, the Charlies, the anders, the Tims, the Toms, the Eds, you bring
    another perspective, another view, a different perception, a novel
    thought, a new look at this "natural" activity called running that gives
    it a twist that "natural" may be common knowledge and after some thought
    that common knowledge may be common and incorrect.

    What is amazing about the body is how it adapts to what we practice in
    our standing, sitting and moving. As we are what we eat so we are how we
    stand, sit and move.

    As I said years ago: Running is a dance. You can do it gracefully or
    clumsily. Go for the grace!

  7. "Ozzie Gontang" <[email hidden]> wrote in message news:gontang-.

    Quoted message said:


    All I know is that I've always wanted to keep my brain from panic that I
    can create by unnecessary tension while exercising or from freaking out
    because it's going into oxygen debt as I run into an anaerobic state.

    Hm... actively controlling your respiration to prevent you worrying about
    something that doesn't *need* to be worried about because it's entirely self
    regulating seems odd logic to me.

    By the same logic, I *could* go to yoga classes and learn to control my
    heart rate perhaps to stop me worrying about my heart not doing its job
    properly but I think that would be equally daft.

    Tim

  8. "Her curtain lifts,
    Her saddle slips, her lips curl.

    ~ Of Oooo!
    Such a pretty girl

    Quoted message said:

    From The Cantering Equine Of Sable Stanzas ~ !"


    ~ Don Von

    "And many a gambol frolick'd o'er the ground,
    And sleights of art and feats of strength went round;

    And still as each repeated pleasure tir'd,
    Succeeding sports the mirthful band inspir'd;

    The dancing pair that simply sought renown,
    By holding out to tire each other down ..."
    ~ Oliver Goldsmith,

    Quoted message said:

    From "The Deserted Village"

  9. Tim Downie said:

    Hm... actively controlling your respiration to prevent you worrying about
    something that doesn't *need* to be worried about because it's entirely self
    regulating seems odd logic to me.

    By the same logic, I *could* go to yoga classes and learn to control my
    heart rate perhaps to stop me worrying about my heart not doing its job
    properly but I think that would be equally daft.

    For once I agree with Tim. An obvious troll.

  10. "Ozzie Gontang" <[email hidden]> wrote in message
    news:[email hidden]...

    Quoted message said:

    While it is true, I don't need to think about breathing as my body will
    breathe me depending on the exertion; I also know the power of
    controlled breath used in the shooting of guns and bows; of a yogi or
    kung fu master in quiet the body or exert extreme force.

    All I know is that I've always wanted to keep my brain from panic that I
    can create by unnecessary tension while exercising or from freaking out
    because it's going into oxygen debt as I run into an anaerobic state.

    My background doesn't involve much shooting, but I know the criticality
    of breath control. I just never felt it was worth applying to my running,
    to the point of beating out a cadence. I'm sure it happens naturally, but I
    don't think about it beyond recognizing when I'm breathing hard vs.
    breathing easy. I guess that's why I'm not a drummer.
    I feel that good, negative split tempo runs made the biggest difference
    in handling intense pace and maintaining relaxation. The idea of 'panic'
    seems far-fetched for an experienced runner.

    Dave

  11. "Ozzie Gontang" <[email hidden]> wrote in message
    news:[email hidden]...

    Quoted message said:

    While it is true, I don't need to think about breathing as my body will
    breathe me depending on the exertion; I also know the power of
    controlled breath used in the shooting of guns and bows; of a yogi or
    kung fu master in quiet the body or exert extreme force.

    All I know is that I've always wanted to keep my brain from panic that I
    can create by unnecessary tension while exercising or from freaking out
    because it's going into oxygen debt as I run into an anaerobic state.

    My background doesn't involve much shooting, but I know the criticality
    of breath control. I just never felt it was worth applying to my running,
    to the point of beating out a cadence. I'm sure it happens naturally, but I
    don't think about it beyond recognizing when I'm breathing hard vs.
    breathing easy. I guess that's why I'm not a drummer.
    I feel that good, negative split tempo runs made the biggest difference
    in handling intense pace and maintaining relaxation. The idea of 'panic'
    seems far-fetched for an experienced runner.

    Dave

  12. Tim Downie said:

    Hm... actively controlling your respiration to prevent you worrying about
    something that doesn't *need* to be worried about because it's entirely self
    regulating seems odd logic to me.

    It's self-regulating, but it's not necessarily using the right parameters
    for optimal racing.

    The unconscious self-regulation is not built for maintaining optimal
    running performance when you're having to force yourself to ignore
    side-stitch, self-doubt, urinary urges, while some totally arbitrary goal
    clock is ticking over, and some annoying drafter is imposing his
    "Boom-boom Minter" breathing style in your neck.

    There's no dangerous animal behind you trying to eat your children here,
    so the effect of a vagabonding consciousness can be very much at odds with
    what you are trying to achieve, thus forcing the self-regulation to do
    counter-productive things.

    Being able to channel the conscious part so that it will push in the right
    direction, for the activity being undertaken, helps your self-regulation
    to do the right job. And that's what it's all about, I think.

  13. Ozzie Gontang said:

    You may begin to realize that running a marathon during the later part of
    the run from 15 onwards is a matter of running in a trance state. It is
    through these breathing patterns I have taught people to play with the
    rhythms of their breath to keep on going.

    ....snip...

    Quoted message said:

    Some people begin to realize the power of rhythm.

    Amen

  14. Ozzie Gontang said:

    When people get frightened, panic, scared, anxious,

    ....snip...

    Quoted message said:

    the tendency is for them to hold their breath or breathe very
    shallow.

    I think that this (plus the influence of the side stitch, unless that came
    on because of the shallow breathing...) is exactly what happened to me on
    Sunday, between km 30 and 32.

  15. steve common said:
    Tim Downie said:

    Hm... actively controlling your respiration to prevent you worrying
    about something that doesn't *need* to be worried about because it's
    entirely self regulating seems odd logic to me.

    It's self-regulating, but it's not necessarily using the right
    parameters for optimal racing.

    Hmm... millions of years of evolution versus a bit of neurotic modern day
    tinkering. Think I'll stick with the former. ;-)

    Quoted message said:


    The unconscious self-regulation is not built for maintaining optimal
    running performance when you're having to force yourself to ignore
    side-stitch, self-doubt, urinary urges, while some totally arbitrary
    goal clock is ticking over, and some annoying drafter is imposing his
    "Boom-boom Minter" breathing style in your neck.

    There's no dangerous animal behind you trying to eat your children
    here,
    so the effect of a vagabonding consciousness can be very much at odds
    with what you are trying to achieve, thus forcing the self-regulation
    to do counter-productive things.

    Being able to channel the conscious part so that it will push in the
    right direction, for the activity being undertaken, helps your
    self-regulation
    to do the right job. And that's what it's all about, I think.

    I think (but stand to be corrected) that you're not using respiratory
    control to "improve" respiration but as a displacement activity to distract
    you from all the aches and hurts that racing involves. By concentrating on
    something that you can control, you can put out of your mind things that you
    can't.

    Tim

  16. Tim Downie said:

    I think (but stand to be corrected)

    Ditto

    Quoted message said:

    that you're not using respiratory
    control to "improve" respiration but as a displacement activity to distract
    you from all the aches and hurts that racing involves.

    Couldn't it be both? Practicing conscious breathing control is akin, I
    would think, to doing drills in training ("cat-on-a-hot-tin-roof" rapid
    foot strikes for example) => you're slowly (re)programmming reflexes with
    a certain objective in mind.

    Are you saying the nerves, muscles and other kit involved in breathing
    cannot be trained at all (or that the bit they can isn't significant)?

  17. Tim Downie said:

    Hmm... millions of years of evolution versus a bit of neurotic modern day
    tinkering. Think I'll stick with the former. ;-)

    Ahh... but it is exactly the ability of the neurotic modern man to learn
    by observation about its environment (and indeed its own body) and
    tinker that provides him with an evolutionary advantage.

    Quoted message said:

    I think (but stand to be corrected) that you're not using respiratory
    control to "improve" respiration but as a displacement activity to distract
    you from all the aches and hurts that racing involves. By concentrating on
    something that you can control, you can put out of your mind things that you
    can't.

    You might be on to something with the distractions stuff. However, if
    that distraction helps you perform better ... I should start experimenting!

    --
    Ylan

    "The universe is not required to be in
    perfect harmony with human ambition"
    - Attributed to Carl Sagan

  18. steve common said:
    Tim Downie said:

    I think (but stand to be corrected)

    Ditto

    Quoted message said:

    that you're not using respiratory
    control to "improve" respiration but as a displacement activity to
    distract you from all the aches and hurts that racing involves.

    Couldn't it be both? Practicing conscious breathing control is akin, I
    would think, to doing drills in training ("cat-on-a-hot-tin-roof"
    rapid foot strikes for example) => you're slowly (re)programmming
    reflexes with a certain objective in mind.

    Are you saying the nerves, muscles and other kit involved in breathing
    cannot be trained at all (or that the bit they can isn't significant)?

    I dare say one can train oneself to breath "differently", I'm just not sure
    that for the vast majority of runners, obsessing about the mechanics of
    breathing is at all helpful.

    I can certainly see how using breath control as a method of inducing a
    trance-like state could be hlepful. Looking back on it, I think that's
    probably one of the reasons I so disliked the London marathon. The noise,
    the requirement to look out for my wife and the constant changes in speed
    that I had to make made it impossible to "zone out".

    Looks like I'm begining to concede that breath control has it's place. ;-)
    I just don't believe that anyone should panic about running into oxygen debt
    because they're not breathing right.

    Tim

  19. Ylan Segal said:
    Tim Downie said:

    Hmm... millions of years of evolution versus a bit of neurotic
    modern day tinkering. Think I'll stick with the former. ;-)

    Ahh... but it is exactly the ability of the neurotic modern man to
    learn
    by observation about its environment (and indeed its own body) and
    tinker that provides him with an evolutionary advantage.

    Quoted message said:

    I think (but stand to be corrected) that you're not using respiratory
    control to "improve" respiration but as a displacement activity to
    distract you from all the aches and hurts that racing involves. By
    concentrating on something that you can control, you can put out of
    your mind things that you can't.

    You might be on to something with the distractions stuff. However, if
    that distraction helps you perform better ... I should start
    experimenting!

    Some of my best (in terms of spped) long runs have happened when I've
    slipped into trance-like state. The miles seem to go past effortlessly and
    afterwards I can recall little of the run. Maybe there is something in the
    breath control after all. ;-)

    Tim

  20. Tim Downie said:

    Some of my best (in terms of spped) long runs have happened when I've
    slipped into trance-like state.

    Tim,
    Are you ever in any other state?

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