Blood tranfusions have been used by endurance athletes for 20-30 years. Not clear when the first cheater tried it. They were NOT declared illegal until after a Rolling Stone article disclosing the infamous blood doping of the USA Cycling Team at the Ramada Inn in Carson, went publc after the 1984 Olympic Games.
Only then--in response to public relations did the IOC ban blood transfusion, blood packing, and the like---w/o any testing methods whatsoever. (so they were still permitted unofficially)
There has NEVER been a test designed for transfusing your own blood. Probably can't be.
Tyler Hamilton must have used a shared centrifuge and mixed his blood with a Phonak teammate--and was just unlucky after having been red carded (warned) many times already in 2004 (Tour of Romandie). Think of all the times he cheated and got away with it.
Cow blood (red cells) look much the same as human--so I am uncertain how/why nobody has ever been busted for using Actovegin (Nike Lance), Hemopure (Michael Rasmussen) or Polyheme (yet unknown users)
There is little motivation and money (legal funds) to nail a winner--who is also heavily endorsed and well funded. We still have not DQed Roid Landis and it has been over one year. Ian Thorpe just got cleared for exogenous testosterone and female hormones---same as sanctioned Stephen Alfred.
Even little the names take forever to bust. (Stephen Alfred) busted in May 2006 but not sanctioned (Lifetime lowered to 8 years) until post season in winter.
Doping in sport is life science. Grand Tour Racing is all about steroids, cortisone, amphetamines, chemo boosters RSR-13, Interleukins, insulin, peptide hormones, thyriod drugs, asthma, and blood boosting. If cows help, they use them.
Go to the sources of synthetic hemoglobins:
biopure.combiopure.comOpen ↗ Hemopure & Oxyglobin
northfieldlabs.comnorthfieldlabs.comOpen ↗ PolyHeme
The IOC wants/demands doped sports. The TV Networks need the newer records, faster times, and entertainment freakiness. WADA is pure PR.
zkahlina said:[font=Times New Roman]You sound very knowledgeable, so thanks for the posting here. I admit, I am mixing EPO-specific test and an hct health test.. but you are saying that there is no test for your own blood? Tyler Hamilton tested positive for a blood transfusion in 2002, the same year he won an Olympic gold medal. This year, Alexander Vinokourov, one of the race favorites, tested positive for the same infraction. Did they get someone else’s blood or their own blood transfusion?[/font]
[font=Times New Roman]Doping in cycling has evolved from simple methods, like using alcohol or amphetamines on a tough ride, to more innovative ways of enhancing performance, like the use of bovine hemoglobin - a derivative of cow's blood - which would give the rider more oxygen for taxing stages of a race. This thing about cow’s blood is news to me. Do you know more about it? Do you thing this is what LA, Ullrich and Rasmussen were using?[/font]