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Cycling Equipment
Published
4 July 2007
Last activity
15 July 2007
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wishful thinker
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  1. In article <[email hidden]>,

    Bill Sornson said:

    Tim McNamara wrote: {please excuse missing attributions}

    Sure. These comments are just yours and mine, so it's easy to keep
    straight.

    <snip>

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    People for whom they HAVE worked know they do; they don't need no
    steenkin' proof beyond personal experience and reasonable
    deduction. (Two hard surfaces -- buffer between good.)

    No, Bill, they don't "know." They *believe.* They believe the
    foam hat saved their life, prevented permanent disability, saved
    them buckets of pain, whatever. But belief != fact whether in
    helmetism or any other religion.

    Knowing something happened tends to lead to belief about it. I
    /know/ (felt, heard, saw) helmets prevent or substantially lessen
    injury when someone falls into/onto rocks or asphalt or curbs;
    therefore, I /believe/ they're effective to a certain degree.

    Almost. You interpreted what you felt/heard/saw in a particular way,
    but due to human nature this interpretation is filtered through
    preexisting beliefs in such a way as to reinforce those beliefs. Now,
    as I've said all along, in some/all/none your beliefs may or may not be
    correct. You're still conflating belief and knowledge which is the
    hallmark of "common sense."

    Quoted message said:

    (Back to the seat belt argument. If I experience one restraining me
    during a car crash or panic stop, then I don't need studies or stats
    to convince me they work or don't. I /know/ they do.)

    We know from applying the scientific method that seat belts reduce
    injuries in car crashes. Thousands of crash test dummies have been
    sacrificed in finding this out. Alternative designs have been tested.
    That level of rigor has not been applied to bicycle helmets.

    The evidence is equivocal as to whether helmets provide protection. The
    effect size in the reduction of cycling-related brain injuries that
    should be seen, if the marketing claims of helmet makers and the
    supporting claims of pro-helmet people were true, simply haven't been
    seen. As I've said before, I want helmets to work. I want effective
    protection against brain injuries. The current foam hat doesn't seem up
    to the task based on the available data and there doesn't appear to be a
    push from within the helmet industry to create a product that does work.
    They are being amply rewarded for selling products that are marginal in
    effectiveness, so there is probably little incentive.

    I do think that helmets are helpful in preventing scalp lacerations,
    abrasions and bruises, which is useful protection IMHO, but not
    necessarily in preventing brain injury. There is a situation in which I
    think helmet use is probably helpful in preventing brain injury: kids.
    They're smaller, moving slower, have a higher likelihood of crashing,
    and are more likely to have crashes that are within the parameters of
    what helmets can cope with. I could be wrong in this belief, of course,
    because it's based on assumptions rather than quantified facts.

  2. In article <[email hidden]>,

    Bill Sornson said:
    Tim McNamara said:

    In article <[email hidden]>, "Bill

    Sornson said:

    Tim McNamara wrote:
    > In article <[email hidden]>, "Bill
    > Sornson" <[email hidden]> wrote:
    >
    >> Tim McNamara wrote:
    >>> In article <[email hidden]>, "Bill
    >>> Sornson" <[email hidden]> wrote:
    >>>
    >>>> Tim McNamara wrote:
    >>>>> In article <[email hidden]>, "Bill
    >>>>> Sornson" <[email hidden]> wrote:
    >>>>
    >>>> {Note all context removed. It's pathological!}
    >>>>
    >>>>>> Wearing a helmet /does/ make one at least somewhat safer;
    >>>>
    >>>>> Which is a belief not an established fact.
    >>>>
    >>>> A) It's common sense;
    >>>
    >>> Common sense means "I already know what's true, don't confuse
    >>> me with the facts." If common sense worked, we wouldn't need
    >>> science.
    >>
    >> No, common sense is if I hit a table with a hammer the impact
    >> will be harder if I don't put down a pad first. (It's called a
    >> BARRIER or BUFFER, you see.)
    >
    > Thanks for proving my point so eloquently.

    Tell you what. Prove that a hammer has less impact on a table
    with no pad in place and I'll retract every word. Hell, I'll even
    stop wearing a lid! (Maybe.)

    Force = mass * acceleration.

    "Impact". Not "force". HTH!

    Impact is a consequence of force, Bill.

  3. In article <[email hidden]>,

    Michael Warner said:
    Tim McNamara said:

    As I have said before, I often wear a helmet when riding. It makes
    important members of my family happier (my mother, my wife, etc.).
    Other than aggravating my neck and making sweat run in my eyes on
    hot days, it doesn't inconvenience me. I have no expectation that
    it will provide me with protection nor that it will cause me harm,
    but the feelings of the people I care about are more important to
    me.

    Since your helmet doesn't have to meet any safety standards, and you
    have no faith in it anyway, why not try carving away most of its foam
    to make it as light as possible while still looking the part?

    Because that had never even crossed my mind. Hmmm.

  4. Johnny Sunset aka Tom Sherman said:
    John Forrest Tomlinson said:

    On Sat, 7 Jul 2007 23:57:38 -0700, "Bill Sornson" <[email hidden]>

    Quoted message said:

    Tim McNamara wrote:
    > In article <[email hidden]>,
    > "Bill Sornson" <[email hidden]> wrote:

    Quoted message said:

    >> Tell you what. Prove that a hammer has less impact on a table with
    >> no pad in place and I'll retract every word. Hell, I'll even stop
    >> wearing a lid! (Maybe.)
    > Force = mass * acceleration.
    "Impact". Not "force". HTH!

    Do you know what those words really mean?

    21st Century USians use "impact" when they can not figure out the
    difference between "affect" and "effect".

    I screw that up so often I'm thinking of making this my homepage
    http://www.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/affect.html
    --
    JT
    ****************************
    Remove "remove" to reply
    Visit http://www.jt10000.com
    ****************************

  5. On Mon, 9 Jul 2007 00:49:38 +0930, Michael Warner <[email hidden]>

    Quoted message said:
    John Forrest Tomlinson said:

    Smarmy and deluded you are.

    Not deluded to the extent that I think insulting people who disagree with
    me will further my cause, though.

    One benefit of living with mandatory helmets is that the helmet wars are
    unknown here, and we just put them on and go riding rather than waste so
    much time, energy and bile on such a trivial issue.

    You're an anti-cyclist. A person who rides but is, in the big scheme
    of things, hurting cycling with your views.

    And I was thinking about what you wrote here about people riding w/o
    helmets "For the same reason that so many people continue to smoke,
    drink too much, let themselves get fat"

    You're saying that cycling w/o a helmet is, on aggregate, like
    smoking. Something that will eventually result in negative health
    benefits. That, even if you claim to not want laws or requirements to
    end, the world would be better off without.

    An anti-cyclist. Worthy of insults -- and smarmy is pretty mild.
    --
    JT
    ****************************
    Remove "remove" to reply
    Visit http://www.jt10000.com
    ****************************

  6. Johnny Sunset aka Tom Sherman said:
    Bill Sornson said:

    Tim McNamara wrote: {please excuse missing attributions}

    Quoted message said:

    I believe those hits would have hurt like hell. I also
    believe that you might be well-served by reassessing your choice of
    trails vis a vis your riding skills.

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    Absurd. Technical mtb trails often cause even the best riders to
    crash. (Besides, this was long ago. I'm mostly roadie nowadays, and
    don't try some trail sections I once rode without hesitation.)...

    Quoted message said:

    If you are not bleeding somewhere at the end, it is not a proper MTB
    ride.

    This is true. (We call it an "official" ride once someone is bleeding, but
    same idea.)

    Bill "better the appendages than the head, however" S.

  7. Johnny Sunset aka Tom Sherman said:
    John Forrest Tomlinson said:

    On Sat, 7 Jul 2007 23:57:38 -0700, "Bill Sornson" <[email hidden]>

    Quoted message said:

    Tim McNamara wrote:
    > In article <[email hidden]>,
    > "Bill Sornson" <[email hidden]> wrote:

    Quoted message said:

    >> Tell you what. Prove that a hammer has less impact on a table
    >> with no pad in place and I'll retract every word. Hell, I'll
    >> even stop wearing a lid! (Maybe.)
    > Force = mass * acceleration.

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    "Impact". Not "force". HTH!

    Do you know what those words really mean?

    21st Century USians use "impact" when they can not figure out the
    difference between "affect" and "effect".

    I think Flogger is showing an affectation by continually addressing me
    ineffectually (he knows he's plonked, you see).

    Of course, if he can't tell force from impact, then who cares...

    BS (yup)

  8. Tim McNamara said:

    In article <[email hidden]>,

    Bill Sornson said:
    Tim McNamara said:

    In article <[email hidden]>, "Bill
    Sornson" <[email hidden]> wrote:

    > Tim McNamara wrote:
    >> In article <[email hidden]>, "Bill
    >> Sornson" <[email hidden]> wrote:
    >>
    >>> Tim McNamara wrote:
    >>>> In article <[email hidden]>, "Bill
    >>>> Sornson" <[email hidden]> wrote:
    >>>>
    >>>>> Tim McNamara wrote:
    >>>>>> In article <[email hidden]>, "Bill
    >>>>>> Sornson" <[email hidden]> wrote:
    >>>>>
    >>>>> {Note all context removed. It's pathological!}
    >>>>>
    >>>>>>> Wearing a helmet /does/ make one at least somewhat safer;
    >>>>>
    >>>>>> Which is a belief not an established fact.
    >>>>>
    >>>>> A) It's common sense;
    >>>>
    >>>> Common sense means "I already know what's true, don't confuse
    >>>> me with the facts." If common sense worked, we wouldn't need
    >>>> science.
    >>>
    >>> No, common sense is if I hit a table with a hammer the impact
    >>> will be harder if I don't put down a pad first. (It's called a
    >>> BARRIER or BUFFER, you see.)
    >>
    >> Thanks for proving my point so eloquently.
    >
    > Tell you what. Prove that a hammer has less impact on a table
    > with no pad in place and I'll retract every word. Hell, I'll even
    > stop wearing a lid! (Maybe.)

    Force = mass * acceleration.

    "Impact". Not "force". HTH!

    Impact is a consequence of force, Bill.

    Hit a table with a hammer. Now put a pad down and hit the pad with the same
    /force/ as before. Force remains constant; /impact/ on the table's surface
    is reduced.

    A helmet won't lessen the /force/ of a head falling on pavement. It WILL
    reduce the /impact/.

    Hope this wasn't too complicated for you, Tim.

    BS

  9. Johnny Sunset aka Tom Sherman said:
    J. Taylor said:

    On Fri, 6 Jul 2007 08:34:12 -0700, Bill Sornson wrote:

    (Note: injecting arguments about MHLs is a strawman

    Quoted message said:

    technique unless the pro-lid person actually is in favor of them;
    can't recall even ONE being so.)

    Your cohort Ozark is.

    Welcome Back! Sorni was missing you.

    LOL Well, since they're both plonked, guess we'll never know. (I don't
    recall Ozark being in favor of MHLs, but then Flailor is a compulsive liar.)

  10. Bill Sornson said:

    Hit a table with a hammer. Now put a pad down and hit the pad with the same
    /force/ as before. Force remains constant; /impact/ on the table's surface
    is reduced.

    A helmet won't lessen the /force/ of a head falling on pavement. It WILL
    reduce the /impact/.

    The peak force is decreased. The impulse (momentum) remains the same.
    That is, impulse is the product f*dt. For a hammer with mass m and
    velocity v, the impulse transferred to the table is

    f*dt = m*v

    By increasing dt (the duration of the collision), f is decreased.

    --
    Joe Riel

  11. On Sun, 8 Jul 2007 11:51:36 -0700, "Bill Sornson" <[email hidden]>

    Quoted message said:

    I think Flogger is showing an affectation by continually addressing me
    ineffectually (he knows he's plonked, you see).

    Of course, if he can't tell force from impact, then who cares...

    You repeatedly proclaim you've killfiled certain people, while
    commenting on their posts.

    Seems kind of dopey to me.
    --
    JT
    ****************************
    Remove "remove" to reply
    Visit http://www.jt10000.com
    ****************************

  12. On Sun, 8 Jul 2007 11:55:06 -0700, "Bill Sornson" <[email hidden]>

    Quoted message said:

    A helmet won't lessen the /force/ of a head falling on pavement. It WILL
    reduce the /impact/.

    What?
    --
    JT
    ****************************
    Remove "remove" to reply
    Visit http://www.jt10000.com
    ****************************

  13. In article <[email hidden]>,

    Bill Sornson said:
    Tim McNamara said:

    In article <[email hidden]>, "Bill

    Sornson said:

    Tim McNamara wrote:
    > In article <[email hidden]>, "Bill
    > Sornson" <[email hidden]> wrote:
    >
    >> Tim McNamara wrote:
    >>> In article <[email hidden]>, "Bill
    >>> Sornson" <[email hidden]> wrote:
    >>>
    >>>> Tim McNamara wrote:
    >>>>> In article <[email hidden]>, "Bill
    >>>>> Sornson" <[email hidden]> wrote:
    >>>>>
    >>>>>> Tim McNamara wrote:
    >>>>>>> In article <[email hidden]>, "Bill
    >>>>>>> Sornson" <[email hidden]> wrote:
    >>>>>>
    >>>>>> {Note all context removed. It's pathological!}
    >>>>>>
    >>>>>>>> Wearing a helmet /does/ make one at least somewhat safer;
    >>>>>>
    >>>>>>> Which is a belief not an established fact.
    >>>>>>
    >>>>>> A) It's common sense;
    >>>>>
    >>>>> Common sense means "I already know what's true, don't confuse
    >>>>> me with the facts." If common sense worked, we wouldn't need
    >>>>> science.
    >>>>
    >>>> No, common sense is if I hit a table with a hammer the impact
    >>>> will be harder if I don't put down a pad first. (It's called
    >>>> a BARRIER or BUFFER, you see.)
    >>>
    >>> Thanks for proving my point so eloquently.
    >>
    >> Tell you what. Prove that a hammer has less impact on a table
    >> with no pad in place and I'll retract every word. Hell, I'll
    >> even stop wearing a lid! (Maybe.)
    >
    > Force = mass * acceleration.

    "Impact". Not "force". HTH!

    Impact is a consequence of force, Bill.

    Hit a table with a hammer. Now put a pad down and hit the pad with
    the same /force/ as before. Force remains constant; /impact/ on the
    table's surface is reduced.

    That depends on a few variables, Bill.

    Quoted message said:

    A helmet won't lessen the /force/ of a head falling on pavement. It
    WILL reduce the /impact/.

    For reasons already elucidated to you, that is not necessarily true, nor
    has it been clearly demonstrated to reduce the risk of brain injury.

    Quoted message said:

    Hope this wasn't too complicated for you, Tim.

    Not for me, Bill, but you seem to be struggling with it.

  14. In article <[email hidden]>, Joe Riel <[email hidden]>

    Quoted message said:
    Bill Sornson said:

    Hit a table with a hammer. Now put a pad down and hit the pad with
    the same /force/ as before. Force remains constant; /impact/ on
    the table's surface is reduced.

    A helmet won't lessen the /force/ of a head falling on pavement.
    It WILL reduce the /impact/.

    The peak force is decreased. The impulse (momentum) remains the
    same. That is, impulse is the product f*dt. For a hammer with mass m
    and velocity v, the impulse transferred to the table is

    f*dt = m*v

    By increasing dt (the duration of the collision), f is decreased.

    Assuming that dt is increased, which is dependent on a number of
    nonspecified variables. With enough juggling, Bill can come up with a
    way to make his scenario work that way. The problem is applying that to
    helmets.

  15. In article <[email hidden]>,

    John Forrest Tomlinson said:
    Michael Warner said:
    John Forrest Tomlinson said:

    Smarmy and deluded you are.

    Not deluded to the extent that I think insulting people who disagree
    with me will further my cause, though.

    One benefit of living with mandatory helmets is that the helmet wars
    are unknown here, and we just put them on and go riding rather than
    waste so much time, energy and bile on such a trivial issue.

    You're an anti-cyclist. A person who rides but is, in the big scheme
    of things, hurting cycling with your views.

    And I was thinking about what you wrote here about people riding w/o
    helmets "For the same reason that so many people continue to smoke,
    drink too much, let themselves get fat"

    You're saying that cycling w/o a helmet is, on aggregate, like
    smoking. Something that will eventually result in negative health
    benefits. That, even if you claim to not want laws or requirements
    to end, the world would be better off without.

    An anti-cyclist. Worthy of insults -- and smarmy is pretty mild.

    I don't follow your logic here, JFT. How is just getting on one's bike
    and going riding "anti-cycling?" He lives in a place with a MHL, which
    could be construed as anti-cycling, but unless he authored or helped
    pass the law I don't see the connection.

  16. Tim McNamara said:

    In article <[email hidden]>,

    John Forrest Tomlinson said:
    Michael Warner said:

    On Sat, 07 Jul 2007 21:04:59 -0400, John Forrest Tomlinson wrote:

    > Smarmy and deluded you are.

    Not deluded to the extent that I think insulting people who disagree
    with me will further my cause, though.

    One benefit of living with mandatory helmets is that the helmet wars
    are unknown here, and we just put them on and go riding rather than
    waste so much time, energy and bile on such a trivial issue.

    You're an anti-cyclist. A person who rides but is, in the big scheme
    of things, hurting cycling with your views.

    And I was thinking about what you wrote here about people riding w/o
    helmets "For the same reason that so many people continue to smoke,
    drink too much, let themselves get fat"

    You're saying that cycling w/o a helmet is, on aggregate, like
    smoking. Something that will eventually result in negative health
    benefits. That, even if you claim to not want laws or requirements
    to end, the world would be better off without.

    An anti-cyclist. Worthy of insults -- and smarmy is pretty mild.

    I don't follow your logic here, JFT. How is just getting on one's bike
    and going riding "anti-cycling?" He lives in a place with a MHL, which
    could be construed as anti-cycling, but unless he authored or helped
    pass the law I don't see the connection.

    He's saying, in public, that cycling without a helmet is a net danger.
    That plays right into the hands of MHL. It's supporting their
    rationale.
    --
    JT
    ****************************
    Remove "remove" to reply
    Visit http://www.jt10000.com
    ****************************

  17. Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:
    Tim McNamara said:

    As I have said before, I often wear a helmet when riding. It makes
    important members of my family happier (my mother, my wife, etc.).
    Other than aggravating my neck and making sweat run in my eyes on hot
    days, it doesn't inconvenience me. I have no expectation that it will
    provide me with protection nor that it will cause me harm, but the
    feelings of the people I care about are more important to me.


    Since your helmet doesn't have to meet any safety standards, and you
    have no faith in it anyway, why not try carving away most of its foam to
    make it as light as possible while still looking the part?

    Quoted message said:
    Michael Warner said:

    I might try this with an old cracked one, which is already illegal here :-)

    Quoted message said:

    I did that, and it worked quite well. An hour with the dremel gave it
    significantly better ventilation (I first did one side, then went for
    a ride to get a somewhat fair comparison). It went from around 280
    grams initially to around 180 grams when I was done, but still wasn't
    as light as the old Specialized "Sub 6" helmets (Specialized claimed
    they weighed less than 6 ounces, which is, what, 170 grams?).

    If the weight was done by the same people who do bike marketing, that's
    170g less shell, straps, buckle and adjuster.

    --
    Andrew Muzi
    www.yellowjersey.org
    Open every day since 1 April, 1971

  18. On Sun, 08 Jul 2007 16:47:42 -0500, A Muzi <[email hidden]>

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    Tim McNamara wrote:
    > As I have said before, I often wear a helmet when riding. It makes
    > important members of my family happier (my mother, my wife, etc.).
    > Other than aggravating my neck and making sweat run in my eyes on hot
    > days, it doesn't inconvenience me. I have no expectation that it will
    > provide me with protection nor that it will cause me harm, but the
    > feelings of the people I care about are more important to me.
    Since your helmet doesn't have to meet any safety standards, and you
    have no faith in it anyway, why not try carving away most of its foam to
    make it as light as possible while still looking the part?

    Quoted message said:
    Michael Warner said:

    I might try this with an old cracked one, which is already illegal here :-)

    Quoted message said:

    I did that, and it worked quite well. An hour with the dremel gave it
    significantly better ventilation (I first did one side, then went for
    a ride to get a somewhat fair comparison). It went from around 280
    grams initially to around 180 grams when I was done, but still wasn't
    as light as the old Specialized "Sub 6" helmets (Specialized claimed
    they weighed less than 6 ounces, which is, what, 170 grams?).

    If the weight was done by the same people who do bike marketing, that's
    170g less shell, straps, buckle and adjuster.

    Dear Andrew,

    My ancient 1994 Bike Pro catalog says:

    "Specialized Sub 6 Pro"

    "The Sub 6 Pro is the successor to the Sub 6. The Sub 6 was a soft
    shell helmet that had no plastic micro shell or Lycra cover but was
    left as a dark Grey foam exterior. The next season the Sub 6 Pro was
    released as a micro shell version of the same shell, The Sub 6 is made
    in 4 shell sizes Small, Medium, Large, and Extra Large. Available in
    two colors Purple Carbon or Silver Carbon. The Medium size weighs 232
    grams."

    My spreadsheet claims that 232 grams is about 8.18 ounces.

    Others have doubted the sub-six-ounce claim:

    " . . . the Sub-6 of yore was lighter, even if it wasn't quite the 6
    ounces (160g) its name implied."

    http://www.cyclingnews.com/tech/?id=2002/reviews/specialized_S1

    Arguably, the 160 grams in that quote isn't a typo. Six ounces is 170
    grams, but the helmet claimed to be _sub_ six ounces.

    Cheers,

    Carl Fogel

  19. Tim McNamara said:

    In article <[email hidden]>, Joe Riel <[email hidden]>

    Quoted message said:
    Bill Sornson said:

    Hit a table with a hammer. Now put a pad down and hit the pad with
    the same /force/ as before. Force remains constant; /impact/ on
    the table's surface is reduced.

    A helmet won't lessen the /force/ of a head falling on pavement.
    It WILL reduce the /impact/.

    The peak force is decreased. The impulse (momentum) remains the
    same. That is, impulse is the product f*dt. For a hammer with mass m
    and velocity v, the impulse transferred to the table is

    f*dt = m*v

    By increasing dt (the duration of the collision), f is decreased.

    Assuming that dt is increased, which is dependent on a number of
    nonspecified variables. With enough juggling, Bill can come up with a
    way to make his scenario work that way. The problem is applying that
    to helmets.

    If it's jiggling, it's too loose.

    Bill "La Trek" S.

  20. Tim McNamara said:

    In article <[email hidden]>,

    Bill Sornson said:
    Tim McNamara said:

    In article <[email hidden]>, "Bill
    Sornson" <[email hidden]> wrote:

    > Tim McNamara wrote:
    >> In article <[email hidden]>, "Bill
    >> Sornson" <[email hidden]> wrote:
    >>
    >>> Tim McNamara wrote:
    >>>> In article <[email hidden]>, "Bill
    >>>> Sornson" <[email hidden]> wrote:
    >>>>
    >>>>> Tim McNamara wrote:
    >>>>>> In article <[email hidden]>, "Bill
    >>>>>> Sornson" <[email hidden]> wrote:
    >>>>>>
    >>>>>>> Tim McNamara wrote:
    >>>>>>>> In article <[email hidden]>, "Bill
    >>>>>>>> Sornson" <[email hidden]> wrote:
    >>>>>>>
    >>>>>>> {Note all context removed. It's pathological!}
    >>>>>>>
    >>>>>>>>> Wearing a helmet /does/ make one at least somewhat safer;
    >>>>>>>
    >>>>>>>> Which is a belief not an established fact.
    >>>>>>>
    >>>>>>> A) It's common sense;
    >>>>>>
    >>>>>> Common sense means "I already know what's true, don't confuse
    >>>>>> me with the facts." If common sense worked, we wouldn't need
    >>>>>> science.
    >>>>>
    >>>>> No, common sense is if I hit a table with a hammer the impact
    >>>>> will be harder if I don't put down a pad first. (It's called
    >>>>> a BARRIER or BUFFER, you see.)
    >>>>
    >>>> Thanks for proving my point so eloquently.
    >>>
    >>> Tell you what. Prove that a hammer has less impact on a table
    >>> with no pad in place and I'll retract every word. Hell, I'll
    >>> even stop wearing a lid! (Maybe.)
    >>
    >> Force = mass * acceleration.
    >
    > "Impact". Not "force". HTH!

    Impact is a consequence of force, Bill.

    Hit a table with a hammer. Now put a pad down and hit the pad with
    the same /force/ as before. Force remains constant; /impact/ on the
    table's surface is reduced.

    That depends on a few variables, Bill.

    Quoted message said:

    A helmet won't lessen the /force/ of a head falling on pavement. It
    WILL reduce the /impact/.

    For reasons already elucidated to you, that is not necessarily true,
    nor has it been clearly demonstrated to reduce the risk of brain
    injury.

    Brain injury?!? How about a nasty owwie?

    Quoted message said:


    Quoted message said:

    Hope this wasn't too complicated for you, Tim.

    Not for me, Bill, but you seem to be struggling with it.

    Not a bit, thanks.

    BS

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